Achieving mastery over the synthesis of metal nanocrystals has emerged as one of the foremost scientific endeavors in recent years. This intense interest stems from the fact that the composition, size, and shape of nanocrystals not only define their overall physicochemical properties but also determine their effectiveness in technologically important applications. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of recent research activities on bimetallic nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to the architectural diversity of bimetallic nanocrystals, followed by discussion of the various synthetic techniques necessary for controlling the elemental ratio and spatial arrangement. We have selected key examples from the literature that exemplify critical concepts and place a special emphasis on mechanistic understanding. We then discuss the composition-dependent properties of bimetallic nanocrystals in terms of catalysis, optics, and magnetism and conclude the Review by highlighting applications that h...

Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications

Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers for Imaging, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Materials, technological status, and fundamentals of PEM fuel cells – A review

This comprehensive review surveys developments over the past decade in the field of naphthalene diimides (NDIs). It explores their application toward: supramolecular chemistry; sensors; host–guest complexes for molecular switching devices, such as catenanes and rotaxanes; ion-channels by ligand gating; gelators for sensing aromatic systems; catalysis through anion−π interactions; and NDI intercalations with DNA for medicinal applications. We have also explored new designs, synthesis, and progress in the field of core-substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDIs), and their implications in areas such as artificial photosynthesis and solar cell technology. Also presented are some interesting synthetic routes and procedures that can be used toward further development of NDI-bearing compounds for future applications. Finally, we conclude with our views on NDI chemistry for future research endeavors, and we outline what we believe are the key obstacles that need to be overcome for NDIs to see real world applications.

Functional Naphthalene Diimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Graphene is composed of single-atom thick sheets of sp2 bonded carbon atoms that are arranged in a perfect two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice. Because of this structure, graphene is characterized by a number of unique and exceptional structural, optical, and electronic properties.1 Specifically, these extraordinary properties include, but are not limited to, a high planar surface area that is calculated to be 2630 m2 g−1,2 superior mechanical strength with a Young’s modulus of 1100 GPa,3 unparalleled thermal conductivity (5000 W m−1 K−1),4 remarkable electronic properties (e.g., high carrier mobility [10 000 cm2 V−1 s−1] and capacity),5 and alluring optical characteristics (e.g., high opacity [~97.7%] and the ability to quench fluorescence).6 As such, it should come as no surprise that graphene is currently, without any doubt, the most intensively studied material for a wide range of applications that include electronic, energy, and sensing outlets.1c Moreover, because of these unique chemical and physical properties, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest, and, arguably, hold the greatest promise for implementation into a wide array of bioapplications.7

In the last several years, numerous studies have utilized graphene in bioapplications ranging from the delivery of chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer8 to biosensing applications for a host of medical conditions9 and even for the differentiation and imaging of stem cells.10 While promising and exciting, recent reports have demonstrated that the combination of graphene with nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, thereby forming graphene–nanoparticle hybrid structures, offers a number of additional unique physicochemical properties and functions that are both highly desirable and markedly advantageous for bioapplications when compared to the use of either material alone (Figure 1).11 These graphene–nanoparticle hybrid structures are especially alluring because not only do they display the individual properties of the nanoparticles, which can already possess beneficial optical, electronic, magnetic, and structural properties that are unavailable in bulk materials, and of graphene, but they also exhibit additional advantageous and often synergistic properties that greatly augment their potential for bioapplications.




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Figure 1


Graphene nanoparticle hybrids exist in two forms, as graphene–nanoparticle composites and graphene-encapsulated nanoparticles, and can be used for various bioapplications including biosensors, photothermal therapies, stem cell/tissue engineering, drug/gene delivery, and bioimaging. Panel (A) reprinted with permission from ref 110. Copyright 2012 Wiley. Panel (B) reprinted with permission from ref 211. Copyright 2013 Elsevier. Panel (C) reprinted with permission from ref 244. Copyright 2013 Wiley.

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Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Graphene–Nanoparticle Hybrid Materials for Bioapplications

Do We Have Any Alternative for Pt or Pt−Ru? Nitul Kakati,† Jatindranath Maiti,† Seok Hee Lee,† Seung Hyun Jee,† Balasubramanian Viswanathan,*,‡ and Young Soo Yoon*,† †Department of Chemical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea ‡National Centre for Catalysis Research, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India

Anode Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells in Acidic Media: Do We Have Any Alternative for Pt or Pt–Ru?

Where do poly(vinyl alcohol) based membranes stand in relation to Nafion ® for direct methanol fuel cell applications?

Corrosion and electrical properties of CrN- and TiN-coated 316L stainless steel used as bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Hydrothermal synthesis of PtRu nanoparticles supported on graphene sheets for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cell

Nafion® based hybrid composite membrane containing GO and dihydrogen phosphate functionalized ionic liquid for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Jatindranath Maiti

Papers

Anode Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells in Acidic Media: Do We Have Any Alternative for Pt or Pt–Ru?

Where do poly(vinyl alcohol) based membranes stand in relation to Nafion ® for direct methanol fuel cell applications?

Corrosion and electrical properties of CrN- and TiN-coated 316L stainless steel used as bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Hydrothermal synthesis of PtRu nanoparticles supported on graphene sheets for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cell

Nafion® based hybrid composite membrane containing GO and dihydrogen phosphate functionalized ionic liquid for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell