Jean Brunelle

Bio: Jean Brunelle is an academic researcher from Laval University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ice hockey & Medicine. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 17 publications receiving 102 citations.

Academic Learning Time in Elementary and Secondary Physical Education Classes

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine how much academic learning time is experienced by elementary and secondary school students during regular physical education classes (ALT-PE) and to investigate three major ALT variables, that is, time devoted to specific content areas, learner engaged time with relevant material, and student's success rate. Subjects were 30 elementary and 31 secondary school physical education teachers; all had two of their regular classes observed according to the ALT-PE observational procedure developed by Siedentop and his colleagues. Group average results were found to be consistent over time, but individual data showed very little stability. The ALT-PE mean results were 31.3% and 36.5% respectively for the elementary and secondary school level and were significantly different. From 19% to 34% of the class period was spent, on the average, in other than P.E. content activities. When class groups, as a whole, were involved in P.E. content activities, students, consid...

Disrupting Aryl-CH···O Interactions on Pt(111) Through the Coadsorption of Trifluoroacetic Acid and 2,2,2-Trifluoroacetophenone (TFAP): Inhibition of Competing Processes in Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis

Abstract: A study of the coadsorption of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (TFAP) on Pt(111) was carried out using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements. The investigation is based on literature reports that the conversion rate and the enantiomeric excess for the hydrogenation of TFAP on cinchona modified Pt/Al2O3 are very sensitive to the presence of small amounts of TFA in the solvent. As previously reported, STM and density functional theory (DFT) studies show that TFAP forms aryl-CH···O bonded dimers on Pt(111) at room temperature. In the present study, STM measurements show that TFA disrupts aryl-CH···O bonding through insertion into TFAP dimers to form isolated trimolecular and bimolecular assemblies. Structural models are proposed for the TFAP–TFA aggregates. The implications of these structures for the rate and enantioselectivity of TFAP hydrogenation are discussed in terms of H-bonding activation of the carbonyl function. It is proposed that the acid additive operates on the enanantioselective hydrogenation of TFAP through the inhibition of the racemic reaction at sites remote from the chiral modifier. This action is assumed to occur in parallel with effects, already proposed in the literature, due to the formation of modifier–acid complexes and the protonation of the modifier.

Validation d’un système d’observation du climat d’apprentissage en activité physique

Abstract: L'article a pour objectif la validation d'un systeme d'observation du climat d'apprentissage (SOCA) qui constitue une strategie novatrice d'analyse du processus d'enseignement-apprentissage. Son originalite repose sur l'observation des types d'implication (deviance, passivite, inconsistance, application, enthousiasme) manifestes par des participants lors de seances d'enseignement en activite physique. Son developpement est base sur la notion de climat d'apprentissage; celui-ci correspond a l'ambiance de travail qui regne pendant une seance d'enseignement et qui se manifeste par le degre d'implication des participants dans la realisation des tâches proposees par l'intervenant. Les cinq procedures de validation (validation de contenu, justesse de codification, fidelite interanalyste, validite d'utilisateurs potentiels, validite de construit) confirment la validite et la fiabilite du SOCA pour decrire des comportements de participants representatifs du climat d'apprentissage.

Talent Identification in Elite Adolescent Ice Hockey Players: The Discriminant Capacity of Fitness Tests, Skating Performance and Psychological Characteristics

Abstract: Background: The process of talent identification in ice hockey occurs during middle adolescence when players are selected to participate in “off-season” evaluation camps, where coaches observe their fitness levels and status of development. Recently, the Quebec ice hockey federation opted for a holistic approach by evaluating players based on three criteria: (1) fitness, (2) skating abilities and (3) personality traits and psychological assets. This study aimed to analyze the discriminant validity of a multi-dimensional talent identification testing protocol in competitive ice hockey. Method: Data were collected from 160 adolescent hockey players who took part in Team Quebec summer evaluation camps. Off-ice fitness, skating abilities and psychological variables were measured on two consecutive days. Descriptive statistics, group comparisons (gender, positions) and discriminant analyses (selected versus non-selected) were performed. Results: No differences were observed among males in which selected players were similar to non-selected. Results from discriminant analyses also showed no discriminant function for male players. For females, selected players displayed higher fitness, on-ice agility and psychological characteristics. Nine performance markers were significantly discriminant. Conclusions: A holistic evaluation protocol allows for the discrimination of selected and non-selected players in elite ice hockey. Developing more discriminant tests is a promising avenue of research in male ice hockey. Knowing the factors that are associated with team selection in competitive ice hockey allow to focus on the specific attributes to work with young promising players.

Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C═O and C═C Bonds on Supported Noble Metal Catalysts

Abstract: The ease of separation, simple regeneration, and the usually high stability of solid catalysts facilitating continuous production processes have stimulated the development of heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation catalysis. The simplest and so far most promising strategy to induce enantioselectivity to solid metal catalysts is their modification by chiral organic compounds, as most prominently represented by the cinchona-modified Pt and Pd catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of activated C═O and C═C bonds. In this Review, we provide a systematic account of the research accomplished in the past decade on noble metal-based heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral C═O and C═C bonds, including all important facets of these catalytic systems. The advances made are critically analyzed, and future research challenges are identified.

Molecular chirality at surfaces

Abstract: With the adsorption of larger molecules being increasingly tackled by surface scientists, the aspect of chirality often plays a role. This paper gives a topical review of molecular chirality at surfaces and gives a phenomenological overview of different aspects of adsorption and self-assembly of chiral and prochiral molecules and the principles of mirror-symmetry breaking at a surface. After a brief introduction into the history of molecular chirality and the important role it played for understanding the spatial structure of molecules, definitions of chirality are presented. Topics treated here are principle ways to create single chiral adsorbates, chiral ensembles, and monolayers by achiral molecules, adsorption of intrinsically chiral molecules at achiral and chiral surfaces, long-range symmetry breaking in two-dimensional (2D) crystals due to additional chiral bias, chiral restructuring of solid surfaces under the influence of chiral molecules, switching the handedness of adsorbates, and chirality at the liquid/air interface. An outlook onto further potential research directions and recommendations for further reading, including nonsurface-related sources of chiral topics completes this paper.

20 years later: deliberate practice and the development of expertise in sport

Abstract: Twenty-one years ago, Ericsson, Krampe and Tesch-Romer published their seminal work expounding the notion of deliberate practice in explaining the development of expertise. This concept has since become extremely influential in the fields of sport psychology and motor learning. This review evaluates current understanding of deliberate practice in sport skill acquisition with an emphasis on the role of deliberate practice in distinguishing expert athletes from non-experts. In particular, we re-examine the original tenets of Ericsson et al.'s framework to (a) evaluate the sport-related research supporting their claims and (b) identify remaining research questions in this area. The review highlights the overall importance of deliberate practice in the development of expert sport performers; however, our understanding is far from complete. Several directions for future research are highlighted, including the need for more rigorous research designs and statistical models that can evaluate changes in developmen...

Habilitation a diriger des recherches

Abstract: Cette derniere Newsletter avant les Grandes Vacances est, pur concours de circonstances, entierement consacree a l’Education. Mais l’Education sous l’angle de son importance pour la consecration dans l’excellence. La consecration, c’est ce qu’a obtenu Gisele Mophou-Massengo, quand son jury de soutenance l’a declaree Habilitee a Diriger des Recherches. C’est egalement la reconnaissance qui est accordee a Elina Marie Devoue par le jury du prix « Religions et Developpement » pour son article consacre aux Religions et a leurs impacts sur la societe dans la Caraibe.La reconnaissance du savoir et du savoir-faire ne passe pas forcement par sa consecration. Elle passe egalement par sa diffusion la plus large. C’est ce que tente de faire le Ceregmia en organisant depuis 2009 ses « seminaires intra Ceregmia » qui permettent l’expression de la transversalite du laboratoire sur des chantiers en cours ou deja finalises autour de thematiques que nous vous invitons a decouvrir en page 2. De meme, le Ceregmia a lance une nouvelle publication en 2010, ses « Documents de Travail ». Ces Documents d’audience plus confidentielle sont reellement reserves a un public de scientifiques. Diffuser le savoir en l’adaptant aux evolutions de l’environnement et aux exigences du marche. C’est ce qu’a fait le Ceregmia grâce a sa nouvelle offre de formation en Masters qui a ete habilitee par le Ministere et qui ouvrira des la rentree 2010 (p. 4). Par ailleurs, nous avions eu l’occasion de vous entretenir des changements intervenus a l’IFGCar suite au seisme du 12 janvier 2010 en Haiti. Nous sommes heureux aujourd’hui, de vous annoncer que l’IFGCar qui est desormais l’IAC retourne s’installer en Haiti. Les formations en Master reprendront des le 1 er . Octobre. Enfin, Nous vous signalons la parution de deux ouvrages aux Editions Ibis Rouge ils vous invitent a decouvrir la Guyane sous un angle moins connu, celui de l’anthropologie. Charley Granvorka