This Handbook aims to provide a guide for constructing and using composite indicators for policy makers, academics, the media and other interested parties. While there are several types of composite indicators, this Handbook is concerned with those which compare and rank country performance in areas such as industrial competitiveness, sustainable development, globalisation and innovation. The Handbook aims to contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of composite indicators and to an improvement of the techniques currently used to build them. In particular, it contains a set of technical guidelines that can help constructors of composite indicators to improve the quality of their outputs. It has been prepared jointly by the OECD (the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry) and the Applied Statistics and Econometrics Unit of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in Ispra, Italy. Primary authors from the JRC are Michela Nardo, Michaela Saisana, Andrea Saltelli and Stefano Tarantola. Primary authors from the OECD are Anders Hoffmann and Enrico Giovannini. Editorial assistance was provided by Candice Stevens, Gunseli Baygan and Karsten Olsen. The research is partly funded by the European Commission, Research Directorate, under the project KEI (Knowledge Economy Indicators), Contract FP6 No. 502529. In the OECD context, the work has benefitted from a grant from the Danish government. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be regarded as stating an official position of either the European Commission or the OECD.

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Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide

Theory of fuzzy integrals and its applications

In the first part of this paper, we describe the main features of real-world problems for which the outranking approach is appropriate and we present the concept of outranking relations. The second part is devoted to basic ideas and concepts used for building outranking relations. The definition of such outranking relations is given for the main ELECTRE methods in Part 3. The final part of the paper is devoted to some practical considerations.

The outranking approach and the foundations of electre methods

The integration of GIS and multicriteria decision analysis has attracted significant interest over the last 15 years or so This paper surveys the GIS‐based multicriteria decision analysis (GIS‐MCDA) approaches using a literature review and classification of articles from 1990 to 2004 An electronic search indicated that over 300 articles appeared in refereed journals The paper provides taxonomy of those articles and identifies trends and developments in GIS‐MCDA

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658810600661508

GIS‐based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature

Determining objective weights in multiple criteria problems: the critic method

MACBETH — An Interactive Path Towards the Construction of Cardinal Value Functions

A critical analysis of the eigenvalue method used to derive priorities in AHP

Decision Support Systems in action: Integrated application in a multicriteria decision aid process

In measurement theory terminology, MACBETH is an interactive approach for mapping into a real scale the various degrees to which the elements of a finite set possess a property P. The originality of MACBETH's questioning procedure is the possibility of establishing a constructive path towards cardinal measurement in both quantitative and substantive meaningful terms, avoiding the operational problems recognized as a weakness of other procedures. The use of the notion of semantic absolute judgements plays a key role here and the simplicity, interactivity and constructiveness of our approach insert it in the modern paradigms of decision aid.



This article illustrates the usefulness of MACBETH as a tool to facilitate decision support, by describing its application in two real public decision situations where we acted as facilitators. Although the cases correspond to quite different decision contexts and problematics and our interventions have addressed diverse issues, they have in common the fact that we conducted both evaluation processes in the framework of an additive multicriteria aggregation procedure. In the first case MACBETH has been used to support the construction of (local) cardinal value functions, while the second illustrates how our approach can serve as a weighting procedure to determine the scaling constants of an additive aggregation model. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Applications of the MACBETH Approach in the Framework of an Additive Aggregation Model

MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) is an interactive approach to guide the construction, on a set S of stimuli, of an interval scale which quantifies the attractiveness of the elements of S in the opinion of an evaluator. The aim of this paper is to present the main ideas on which this new decision-aid approach is based, and its software. MACBETH has already been applied in several complex cases. One such case was in the first application of multicriteria analysis to the evaluation of a European structural programme, the Hainaut case, which is used to illustrate the presentation in this paper.

Jean-Claude Vansnick

Papers

MACBETH — An Interactive Path Towards the Construction of Cardinal Value Functions

A critical analysis of the eigenvalue method used to derive priorities in AHP

Decision Support Systems in action: Integrated application in a multicriteria decision aid process

Applications of the MACBETH Approach in the Framework of an Additive Aggregation Model

The MACBETH Approach: Basic Ideas, Software, and an Application