Author
Jean-Louis Tison
Other affiliations: Australian National Drag Racing Association, ETH Zurich, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Bio: Jean-Louis Tison is an academic researcher from Université libre de Bruxelles. The author has contributed to research in topics: Sea ice & Antarctic sea ice. The author has an hindex of 46, co-authored 210 publications receiving 13329 citations. Previous affiliations of Jean-Louis Tison include Australian National Drag Racing Association & ETH Zurich.
Topics: Sea ice, Antarctic sea ice, Arctic ice pack, Ice sheet, Ice shelf
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: An undisturbed climate record from a North Greenland ice core, which extends back to 123,000 years before the present, within the last interglacial period, shows a slow decline in temperatures that marked the initiation of the last glacial period.
Abstract: High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period
2,522 citations
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University1, Joseph Fourier University2, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research3, Reykjavík University4, University of Copenhagen5, University of Bern6, Centre national de la recherche scientifique7, University of Parma8, Université libre de Bruxelles9, University of Trieste10, Max Planck Society11, British Antarctic Survey12
TL;DR: It is suggested that the interplay between obliquity and precession accounts for the variable intensity of interglacial periods in ice core records.
Abstract: A high-resolution deuterium profile is now available along the entire European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C ice core, extending this climate record back to marine isotope stage 20.2, ∼800,000 years ago. Experiments performed with an atmospheric general circulation model including water isotopes support its temperature interpretation. We assessed the general correspondence between Dansgaard-Oeschger events and their smoothed Antarctic counterparts for this Dome C record, which reveals the presence of such features with similar amplitudes during previous glacial periods. We suggest that the interplay between obliquity and precession accounts for the variable intensity of interglacial periods in ice core records.
1,723 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: A high-resolution deuterium profile is available along the entire European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C ice core, extending this climate record back to marine isotope stage 20.2, ∼800,000 years ago.
Abstract: A high-resolution deuterium profile is now available along the entire European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C ice core, extending this climate record back to marine isotope stage 20.2, ∼800,000 years ago. Experiments performed with an atmospheric general circulation model including water isotopes support its temperature interpretation. We assessed the general correspondence between Dansgaard-Oeschger events and their smoothed Antarctic counterparts for this Dome C record, which reveals the presence of such features with similar amplitudes during previous glacial periods. We suggest that the interplay between obliquity and precession accounts for the variable intensity of interglacial periods in ice core records.
1,566 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a glacial climate record derived from an ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, which represents South Atlantic climate at a resolution comparable with the Greenland ice core records was presented.
Abstract: Precise knowledge of the phase relationship between climate changes in the two hemispheres is a key for understanding the Earth's climate dynamics. For the last glacial period, ice core studies1, 2 have revealed strong coupling of the largest millennial-scale warm events in Antarctica with the longest Dansgaard–Oeschger events in Greenland3, 4, 5 through the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation6, 7, 8. It has been unclear, however, whether the shorter Dansgaard–Oeschger events have counterparts in the shorter and less prominent Antarctic temperature variations, and whether these events are linked by the same mechanism. Here we present a glacial climate record derived from an ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, which represents South Atlantic climate at a resolution comparable with the Greenland ice core records. After methane synchronization with an ice core from North Greenland9, the oxygen isotope record from the Dronning Maud Land ice core shows a one-to-one coupling between all Antarctic warm events and Greenland Dansgaard–Oeschger events by the bipolar seesaw6. The amplitude of the Antarctic warm events is found to be linearly dependent on the duration of the concurrent stadial in the North, suggesting that they all result from a similar reduction in the meridional overturning circulation.
1,074 citations
Dartmouth College1, Uppsala University2, Nagaoka University of Technology3, University of Copenhagen4, Heidelberg University5, Natural Resources Canada6, Oregon State University7, Centre national de la recherche scientifique8, Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute9, Swansea University10, University of Bern11, British Antarctic Survey12, University of Kansas13, National Institute of Polar Research14, University of Iceland15, Stockholm University16, Vrije Universiteit Brussel17, University of Colorado Boulder18, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research19, University of Washington20, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute21, Desert Research Institute22, Hokkaido University23, University of Grenoble24, University of California, San Diego25, Université libre de Bruxelles26, Utrecht University27, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research28, Max Planck Society29, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research30, ETH Zurich31, United Arab Emirates University32, Paul Scherrer Institute33, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne34, University of East Anglia35, Geological Survey of Canada36
TL;DR: In this paper, the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core was extracted from folded Greenland ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records.
Abstract: Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 +/- 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 +/- 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 +/- 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.
546 citations
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Queen's University Belfast1, University of St Andrews2, Aix-Marseille University3, Historic England4, University of Sheffield5, University of Oxford6, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research7, Xi'an Jiaotong University8, University of Minnesota9, Nanjing Normal University10, University of Hohenheim11, University of Kiel12, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory13, University of California, Santa Cruz14, ETH Zurich15, University of Waikato16, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution17, Heidelberg University18, Cornell University19, Lund University20, University of New South Wales21, University of Arizona22, University of Groningen23, University of Bristol24, University of Glasgow25, University of California, Irvine26, University of Bern27, Aarhus University28, Nagoya University29, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research30, National Museum of Japanese History31, University of Bologna32
TL;DR: In this article, the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP.
Abstract: Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
2,800 citations
TL;DR: The responses of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres differed significantly, which reveals how the evolution of specific ice sheets affected sea level and provides insight into how insolation controlled the deglaciation.
Abstract: We used 5704 14C, 10Be, and 3He ages that span the interval from 10,000 to 50,000 years ago (10 to 50 ka) to constrain the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in terms of global ice-sheet and mountain-glacier extent. Growth of the ice sheets to their maximum positions occurred between 33.0 and 26.5 ka in response to climate forcing from decreases in northern summer insolation, tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric CO2. Nearly all ice sheets were at their LGM positions from 26.5 ka to 19 to 20 ka, corresponding to minima in these forcings. The onset of Northern Hemisphere deglaciation 19 to 20 ka was induced by an increase in northern summer insolation, providing the source for an abrupt rise in sea level. The onset of deglaciation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet occurred between 14 and 15 ka, consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in sea level ~14.5 ka.
2,691 citations
University of Tasmania1, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution2, Yale University3, University of California, Santa Barbara4, University of São Paulo5, University of Cape Town6, South Dakota State University7, Columbia University8, California Institute of Technology9, University of Bristol10, United States Geological Survey11, University of California, Los Angeles12, University of California, Berkeley13, Monash University14, Brown University15, Ohio State University16, Royal Holloway, University of London17, University of Arizona18, VU University Amsterdam19, Arizona State University20
TL;DR: What is known and what is needed to develop a holistic understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system are reviewed, particularly in view of the pervasive impact of fires and the likelihood that they will become increasingly difficult to control as climate changes.
Abstract: Fire is a worldwide phenomenon that appears in the geological record soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants. Fire influences global ecosystem patterns and processes, including vegetation distribution and structure, the carbon cycle, and climate. Although humans and fire have always coexisted, our capacity to manage fire remains imperfect and may become more difficult in the future as climate change alters fire regimes. This risk is difficult to assess, however, because fires are still poorly represented in global models. Here, we discuss some of the most important issues involved in developing a better understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system.
2,365 citations
TL;DR: A 5-year-resolution absolute-dated oxygen isotope record from Dongge Cave, southern China, provides a continuous history of the Asian monsoon over the past 9000 years, and shows that some, but not all, of the monsoon variability at these frequencies results from changes in solar output.
Abstract: A 5-year-resolution absolute-dated oxygen isotope record from Dongge Cave, southern China, provides a continuous history of the Asian monsoon over the past 9000 years. Although the record broadly follows summer insolation, it is punctuated by eight weak monsoon events lasting approximately 1 to 5 centuries. One correlates with the "8200-year" event, another with the collapse of the Chinese Neolithic culture, and most with North Atlantic ice-rafting events. Cross-correlation of the decadal- to centennial-scale monsoon record with the atmospheric carbon-14 record shows that some, but not all, of the monsoon variability at these frequencies results from changes in solar output.
2,139 citations
TL;DR: It is found that atmospheric carbon dioxide is strongly correlated with Antarctic temperature throughout eight glacial cycles but with significantly lower concentrations between 650,000 and 750,000 yr before present, which extends the pre-industrial range of carbon dioxide concentrations during the late Quaternary by about 10 p.p.m.v.
Abstract: Changes in past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations can be determined by measuring the composition of air trapped in ice cores from Antarctica. So far, the Antarctic Vostok and EPICA Dome C ice cores have provided a composite record of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over the past 650,000 years. Here we present results of the lowest 200 m of the Dome C ice core, extending the record of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by two complete glacial cycles to 800,000 yr before present. From previously published data and the present work, we find that atmospheric carbon dioxide is strongly correlated with Antarctic temperature throughout eight glacial cycles but with significantly lower concentrations between 650,000 and 750,000 yr before present. Carbon dioxide levels are below 180 parts per million by volume (p.p.m.v.) for a period of 3,000 yr during Marine Isotope Stage 16, possibly reflecting more pronounced oceanic carbon storage. We report the lowest carbon dioxide concentration measured in an ice core, which extends the pre-industrial range of carbon dioxide concentrations during the late Quaternary by about 10 p.p.m.v. to 172-300 p.p.m.v.
1,977 citations