Jeethu Raveendran

Bio: Jeethu Raveendran is an academic researcher from Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham. The author has contributed to research in topics: Lab-on-a-chip & Ascorbic acid. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 11 publications receiving 90 citations.

Fabrication of a disposable non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine sensor

Abstract: A disposable non-enzymatic sensor for creatinine was developed by electrodepositing copper on screen printed carbon electrodes. The sensor was characterized using electrochemical and microscopic techniques. Electrochemical detection of creatinine was carried out in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4. The estimation was based on the formation of soluble copper-creatinine complex. The formation of copper-creatinine complex was established using the pseudoperoxidase activity of copper-creatinine complex. The sensor showed a detection limit of 0.0746 μM with a linear range of 6–378 μΜ. The sensor exhibited a stable response to creatinine and found to be free from interference from molecules like urea, glucose, ascorbic acid and dopamine. Real sample analysis was carried out with blood serum.

Voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid by using a disposable screen printed electrode modified with Cu(OH) 2 nanorods

Abstract: The authors describe a disposable non-enzymatic sensor for ascorbic acid (AA) that was obtained by modifying a screen printed electrode (SPE) with Cu(OH)2 nanorods (NRs). The NRs were synthesized by a wet chemical process which involves sequential addition of NH3 and NaOH to CuSO4 solution. NR formation was confirmed by thermogravimetric, spectroscopic, microscopic, and diffraction studies. The Cu(OH)2 NRs were mixed with carbon ink and printed onto an SPE. Electrochemical detection of AA was carried out at pH 7.4, at a typical voltage as low as 0 mV versus saturated calomel electrode with a scan rate of 100 mV/s, and is assumed to involve the chemical reduction of Cu(II) by AA followed by electrochemical oxidation of Cu(I). The sensor has a linear response in the 0.0125 to 10 mΜ AA concentration range. Response to AA is free from interference by urea, glucose, uric acid, dopamine, metal ions such as Fe2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+, NaCl, KCl and ethanol. It was applied to the determination of AA in a vitamin C tablet and in urine.

Biophotonic sensor for the detection of creatinine concentration in blood serum based on 1D photonic crystal

Abstract: A new biophotonic sensor based on photonic crystal (PC) has been designed for the detection of creatinine concentration in blood, and is considered an important small molecule biomarker of renal dysfunction. Based on the transfer matrix method (TMM), we theoretically investigated the transmittance spectra of a one dimensional alternating dielectric photonic crystal (PC) designed as (AB)7/C/(AB)7 made of MgF2 (A), CeO2 (B) and creatinine concentration present in blood (C). The transmission spectra exhibit resonant peaks within the photonic band gap (PBG) indicative of so-called defect modes, which depend on parameters, such as concentration of creatinine in blood, thickness of defect layer and incident angle. The proposed sensor can determine the physiological levels of creatinine in human blood serum samples. The estimated parameters realize an efficient biophotonic sensor wherein sensitivity was tuned from 136.4 nm per RIU to 306.25 nm per RIU and is very useful for the detection of creatinine.

Applications of electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on modified screen-printed electrodes: a review

Abstract: The focus of this report is electroanalysis performed via screen-printed electrodes. All the basic characteristics required in this field are taken into account, including the fundamental assessments of screen-printed materials used as electrodes, the use of testing electrode prototypes in the laboratory, fundamental and progressive studies on different electrode fabrication procedures, and their practical uses in quantifying biological species, pharmaceutical compositions, environmental contaminants and heavy metals. The last case is presented as a set of comprehensive tables that show an overall summary of the published approaches. Lastly, current trends and significant achievements are delineated along with future options.