Author
Jefferson W. Tester
Other affiliations: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory ...read more
Bio: Jefferson W. Tester is an academic researcher from Cornell University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Supercritical fluid & Geothermal gradient. The author has an hindex of 57, co-authored 266 publications receiving 12108 citations. Previous affiliations of Jefferson W. Tester include École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne & New Jersey Institute of Technology.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Several biomass hydrothermal conversion processes are in development or demonstration as mentioned in this paper, which are generally lower temperature (200-400 °C) reactions which produce liquid products, often called bio-oil or bio-crude.
Abstract: Hydrothermal technologies are broadly defined as chemical and physical transformations in high-temperature (200–600 °C), high-pressure (5–40 MPa) liquid or supercritical water. This thermochemical means of reforming biomass may have energetic advantages, since, when water is heated at high pressures a phase change to steam is avoided which avoids large enthalpic energy penalties. Biological chemicals undergo a range of reactions, including dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, which are influenced by the temperature, pressure, concentration, and presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Several biomass hydrothermal conversion processes are in development or demonstration. Liquefaction processes are generally lower temperature (200–400 °C) reactions which produce liquid products, often called “bio-oil” or “bio-crude”. Gasification processes generally take place at higher temperatures (400–700 °C) and can produce methane or hydrogen gases in high yields.
1,822 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the scope of classical Thermodynamics is discussed and a statistical mechanical approach for property models is presented for non-Ideal, non-electrolyte solutions.
Abstract: I. FUNDAMENTALS PRINCIPLES. 1. The Scope of Classical Thermodynamics. 2. Basic Concepts and Definitions. 3. Energy and the First Law. 4. Reversibility and the Second Law. 5. The Calculus of Thermodynamics. 6. Equilibrium Criteria. 7. Stability Criteria. II. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES. 8. Properties of Pure Materials. 9. Property Relationships for Mixtures. 10. Statistical Mechanical Approach for Property Models. 11. Models for Non-Ideal, Non-Electrolyte Solutions. 12. Models for Electrolyte Solutions. 13. Estimating Physical Properties. III. APPLICATIONS. 14. Practical heat Engines and Power Cycles. 15. Phase Equilibrium and Stability. 16. Chemical Equilibria. 17. Generalized Treatment of Phase and Chemical Equilibria. 18. Systems under Stress, in Electromagnetic or Potential Fields. 19. Thermodynamics of Surfaces. APPENDICES. A. Summary of the Postulates. B. Mathematical relations of Functions of States. C. Derivation of Euler's Theorem. D. Mathematical Formulae for Stability and Equilibria. E. Numerical Methods. F. General Mixture Relationships for Extensive and Intensive Properties. G. Pure Component Property Data. H. Conversion Factors and Gas Constant Values.
568 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The book gives a detailed overview of energy resources available today, their economic evaluation and the technologies to exploit them, and some of the emerging technologies are also presented.
Abstract: Review: Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options By Jefferson W. Tester …[et al.]. Reviewed by Umar Karim Mirza Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan Jefferson W. Tester, Elisabeth M. Drake, Michael J. Driscoll, Michael W. Golay and William A. Peters. Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005. 872 pp. ISBN: 0-262-20153-4, US$78.00 (cloth). Alkaline paper. All the authors of Sustainable Energy are associated with MIT. Jefferson W. Tester is H. P. Meissner Professor of Chemical Engineering, Elisabeth M. Drake is Associate Director of the Energy Laboratory, Emeritus, Michael J. Driscoll is Professor of Nuclear Engineering, Emeritus, Michael W. Golay is Professor of Nuclear Engineering, and William A. Peters is Executive Director of the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies. The book gives a detailed overview of energy resources available today, their economic evaluation and the technologies to exploit them. Some of the emerging technologies are also presented. A detailed account of the effects of energy use on environment and energy sustainability is given as well. Chapter 1 defines sustainable energy as the engine of sustainable development. The second chapter gives an idea about estimation and evaluation of energy resources. Units of measurement are discussed and difference forms of energy are compared as well. Chapter 3 elaborates thermodynamics and transport of heat energy. Local, regional, and global environmental effects of energy are described in Chapter 4. Adverse effects as well as benefits are discussed. Economic evaluation of energy projects is provided in Chapter 5. The next chapter gives an account of energy systems and sustainability metrics. Chapter 7 focuses on fossil energy while Chapter 8 gives a description of nuclear energy. Chapters 9 through 15 discuss renewable energy in general as well as various specific types. The following chapter treats energy storage, transportation, and distribution. Electric power sector description is discussed in Chapter 17. Chapters 18 through 20 present energy use in transportation, industry, and commercial and residential buildings. Synergistic complex systems are illustrated in Chapter 21. The last chapter describes the options we have and offers a few questions as well. Lists of conversion factors and acronyms, and a useful index follow. While mostly descriptive in nature, this book does touch the mathematical side of things when necessary. Every chapter is followed by references for
466 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple global equation with an Arrhenius rate constant formulation satisfactorily represented experimental data spanning temperatures from 25 to 625°C obtained from crushed quartz crystals, quartz sand, and quartz slab samples.
251 citations
TL;DR: It is found through the molecular dynamic simulations that inhibitor molecules that experimentally exhibit better inhibition strength also have higher free energies of binding, an indirect confirmation of the proposed mechanism for hydrate inhibition.
Abstract: Within the framework of a proposed two-step mechanism for hydrate inhibition, the energy of binding of four inhibitor molecules (PEO, PVP, PVCap, and VIMA) to a hydrate surface is estimated with molecular dynamic simulations. One key feature of this proposed mechanism is that the binding of an inhibitor molecule to the surface of an ensuing hydrate crystal disrupts growth and therein crystallization. It is found through the molecular dynamic simulations that inhibitor molecules that experimentally exhibit better inhibition strength also have higher free energies of binding, an indirect confirmation of our proposed mechanism. Inhibitors increasing in effectiveness, PEO < PVP < PVCap < VIMA, have increasingly negative (exothermic) binding energies of −0.2 < −20.6 < −37.5 < −45.8 kcal/mol and binding free energies of increasing favorability (+0.4 ≈ +0.5 < −9.4 < −15.1 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the effect of an inhibitor molecule on the local liquid water structure under hydrate-forming conditions was examined ...
244 citations
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TL;DR: While the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice), and I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories.
Abstract: There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate
2,493 citations
TL;DR: Several biomass hydrothermal conversion processes are in development or demonstration as mentioned in this paper, which are generally lower temperature (200-400 °C) reactions which produce liquid products, often called bio-oil or bio-crude.
Abstract: Hydrothermal technologies are broadly defined as chemical and physical transformations in high-temperature (200–600 °C), high-pressure (5–40 MPa) liquid or supercritical water. This thermochemical means of reforming biomass may have energetic advantages, since, when water is heated at high pressures a phase change to steam is avoided which avoids large enthalpic energy penalties. Biological chemicals undergo a range of reactions, including dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, which are influenced by the temperature, pressure, concentration, and presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Several biomass hydrothermal conversion processes are in development or demonstration. Liquefaction processes are generally lower temperature (200–400 °C) reactions which produce liquid products, often called “bio-oil” or “bio-crude”. Gasification processes generally take place at higher temperatures (400–700 °C) and can produce methane or hydrogen gases in high yields.
1,822 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between renewable energy and sustainable development is discussed and the potential solutions to current environmental problems are identified along with renewable energy technologies, and an illustrative example is presented.
Abstract: Achieving solutions to environmental problems that we face today requires long-term potential actions for sustainable development. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions. That is why there is an intimate connection between renewable energy and sustainable development. Anticipated patterns of future energy use and consequent environmental impacts (focussing on acid precipitation, stratospheric ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect) are comprehensively discussed in this paper. Also, potential solutions to current environmental problems are identified along with renewable energy technologies. The relations between renewable energy and sustainable development are described with practical cases, and an illustrative example is presented. Throughout the paper several issues relating to renewable energy, environment and sustainable development are examined from both current and future perspectives. It is believed that the conclusions and recommendations drawn in the present study will be useful to energy scientists and engineers and policy makers.
1,791 citations
TL;DR: The application ofadium-catalyzed amination reactions of aryl halides in C-N cross-coupling reactions in the synthesis of heterocycles and pharmaceuticals, in materials science, and in natural product synthesis is discussed.
Abstract: Palladium-catalyzed amination reactions of aryl halides have undergone rapid development in the last 12 years, largely driven by the implementation of new classes of ligands. Biaryl phosphanes have proven to provide especially active catalysts in this context. This Review discusses the application of these catalysts in C-N cross-coupling reactions in the synthesis of heterocycles and pharmaceuticals, in materials science, and in natural product synthesis.
1,722 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general scheme of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formation and sequential growth of PAH by reactions with stable and radical species, including single-ring aromatics, other PAH and acetylene, is discussed.
1,620 citations