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Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Bio: Jeffrey H. Shapiro is an academic researcher from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Photon & Quantum key distribution. The author has an hindex of 65, co-authored 395 publications receiving 17401 citations.


Papers
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Wolf equations are extended to phase-sensitive fields, paraxial free-space propagation effects are analyzed, and a normal-mode decomposition for scalar fields of arbitrary coherence is established.
Abstract: Optical coherence theory for the complex envelopes of passband fields has been concerned, almost exclusively, with correlations that are all phase insensitive, despite decades of theoretical and experimental work on the generation and applications of light with phase-sensitive correlations. This paper begins the process of remedying that deficiency, by developing coherence theory for classical scalar fields with phase-sensitive fluctuations. In particular, the Wolf equations are extended to phase-sensitive fields, paraxial free-space propagation effects are analyzed, and a normal-mode decomposition for scalar fields of arbitrary coherence is established. The extension of this theory to the field-operator description that is needed to characterize non-classical light beams is briefly discussed.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A theoretical study of the carrier- to-noise ratio and signal-to- noise ratio for an autodyne transceiver is presented and experimental results, obtained with a cw autodyn transceiver, are reported.
Abstract: Optical autodyne detection is a direct detection procedure for measuring relative Doppler frequency shifts using a laser transceiver. A theoretical study of the carrier-to-noise ratio and signal-to-noise ratio for an autodyne transceiver is presented. Experimental results, obtained with a cw autodyne transceiver, are reported. The relative merits of optical autodyne vs optical heterodyne detection are discussed.

13 citations

01 May 2003
TL;DR: The Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics brings together the contributions of various researchers working on theoretical and experimental aspects of fluctuational phenomena in photonics and quantum optics as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: This Special Issue of Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics brings together the contributions of various researchers working on theoretical and experimental aspects of fluctuational phenomena in photonics and quantum optics. The topics discussed in this issue extend from fundamental physics to applications of noise and fluctuational methods from quantum to classical systems, and include: ? Quantum measurement ? Quantum squeezing ? Solitons and fibres ? Gravitational wave inferometers ? Fluorescence phenomena ? Cavity QED ? Photon statistics ? Noise in lasers and laser systems ? Quantum computing and information ? Quantum lithography ? Teleportation. This Special Issue is published in connection with the SPIE International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, on 1-4 June 2003. The symposium contained six parallel conferences, and the papers in this Special Issue are connected to the conference entitled `Fluctuations and Noise in Photonics and Quantum Optics'. This was the first in a series of symposia organized with the support of the SPIE that have greatly contributed to progress in this area. The co-founders of the symposium series were Laszlo B Kish (Texas AM as can be seen in the collection of papers, he was certainly present in spirit. In honour of his creativity and pioneering work in this field, we have dedicated this Special Issue to him. The first item is an obituary reflecting on his life and work. The first technical paper in this issue represents Hermann's last sole author publication; a special thanks is due to A P Flitney for organizing this manuscript into publishable form. We thank the members of the International Programme Committee, listed below, and all those who contributed to making the event such a success. At this point we take the opportunity to express our gratitude to both the authors and reviewers, for their unfailing efforts in preparing and ensuring the high quality of the papers in this Special Issue. International Programme Committee David A Cardimona?Air Force Research Laboratory, USA Howard Carmichael?University of Auckland, New Zealand Carlton M Caves?University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA Peter D Drummond?University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia Paul J Edwards?University of Canberra, Australia Luca Gammaitoni?Universit? degli Studi di Perugia, Italy Brage Golding?Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA Gabriela Gonzalez?Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA Guangcan Guo?University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China Salman Habib?Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA Murray Hamilton?University of Adelaide, Australia Bei-Lok Hu?University of Maryland/College Park, USA Daniel K Johnstone?Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA Franz X K?rtner?Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Prem Kumar?Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Zachary Lemnios?DARPA, Arlington, VA, USA Gerd Leuchs?Friedrich-Alexander Universit?t Erlangen--N?rnberg, Germany Hideo Mabuchi?California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Peter W Milonni?Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA Adrian C Ottewill?University College Dublin, Ireland Martin B Plenio?Imperial College, London, UK Rajeev J Ram?Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Farhan Rana?Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Peter R Smith?Loughborough University of Technology, UK Rodney S Tucker?University of Melbourne, Australia Howard M Wiseman?Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia Stuart A Wolf?DARPA, Arlington, VA, USA Anton Zeilinger?University of Vienna, Austria Xi-Cheng Zhang?Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a version of Franson's nonlocal dispersion cancellation configuration has essentially identical quantum and classical explanations except for the contrast obtained, which is much higher in the quantum case than it is in the classical case.
Abstract: Franson's paradigm for nonlocal dispersion cancellation [J. D. Franson, Phys. Rev. A 45, 3126 (1992)] is studied using two kinds of jointly Gaussian-state signal and reference beams with phase-sensitive cross correlations. The first joint signal-reference state is nonclassical, with a phase-sensitive cross correlation that is at the ultimate quantum-mechanical limit. It models the outputs obtained from continuous-wave spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The second joint signal-reference state is classical--it has a proper P representation--with a phase-sensitive cross correlation that is at the limit set by classical physics. Using these states we show that a version of Franson's nonlocal dispersion cancellation configuration has essentially identical quantum and classical explanations except for the contrast obtained, which is much higher in the quantum case than it is in the classical case. This work bears on Franson's recent article [J. D. Franson, Phys. Rev. A 80, 032119 (2009)], which asserts that there is no classical explanation for all the features seen in quantum nonlocal dispersion cancellation.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown here, however, that there is a dis­ crepancy in the data processing technique described in Sect.
Abstract: In the recent article by Foord et al.} excellent agreement is reported between calculated and measured signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in a coherent laser radar. As the authors cor­ rectly point out, this agreement is a novel result, in that pre­ vious published studies have had SNRcalc exceed SNRmeas by 5-10 dB. It will be shown here, however, that there is a dis­ crepancy in the data processing technique described in Sect. IV.A of Ref. 1. Moreover, the effect of correcting this dis­ crepancy is to decrease SNRmeas by 5.63 dB, placing the Foord et al. experiment in the same situation found in earlier studies. The problem with Sec. IV.A of Ref. 1 concerns the use of a linear rather than a square-law detector in the spectrum an­ alyzer, which impacts how the authors compare their mea-

12 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI

[...]

08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1988-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

9,929 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger were reported in this paper, with a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203,000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ.
Abstract: On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10(-21). It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203,000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410(-180)(+160) Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09(-0.04)(+0.03). In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36(-4)(+5)M⊙ and 29(-4)(+4)M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62(-4)(+4)M⊙, with 3.0(-0.5)(+0.5)M⊙c(2) radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.

4,375 citations

01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance and describes numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries.
Abstract: From the Publisher: The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

3,627 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the ability to multiplex and transfer data between twisted beams of light with different amounts of orbital angular momentum, which provides new opportunities for increasing the data capacity of free-space optical communications links.
Abstract: Researchers demonstrate the ability to multiplex and transfer data between twisted beams of light with different amounts of orbital angular momentum — a development that provides new opportunities for increasing the data capacity of free-space optical communications links.

3,556 citations