This chapter describes the methodology used in EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to estimate streamlined life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors for concrete beginning at the point of waste generation. The WARM GHG emission factors are used to compare the net emissions associated with concrete in the following two waste management alternatives: recycling and landfilling. Exhibit 1 shows the general outline of materials management pathways for concrete in WARM. For background information on the general purpose and function of WARM emission factors, see the Introduction & Overview chapter. For more information on Recycling and Landfilling, see the chapters devoted to these processes. WARM also allows users to calculate results in terms of energy, rather than GHGs. The energy results are calculated using the same methodology described here but with slight adjustments, as explained in the Energy Impacts chapter.

나의 Concrete 연구실

Adaptive behavior and different thermal experiences of real people: A Bayesian neural network approach to thermal preference prediction and classification

Energy savings, thermal conductivity, micro and macro structural analysis of fired clay bricks incorporating cigarette butts

30 years of energy and fuel poverty research: A retrospective analysis and future trends

Pore structure is an important factor that affects both vapor adsorption and water absorption performances of the expanded perlite insulation mortar. This study aims to explore the change in the pore structure of the expanded perlite insulation mortar in heat-rain cycles and investigate the effects on capillary water absorption and vapor adsorption performances. The expanded perlite insulation mortar specimens was subjected to 160 heat-rain cyclic test, and the distribution characteristics of the pore structures of the specimens after different heat–rain cycles in vacuum saturated water absorption, capillary water absorption, and vapor adsorption processes were measured via nuclear magnetic resonance. According to the test results, the pores with a size of greater than 1 μm in the expanded perlite insulation mortar determined the variation in total pores. The pore size can be classified into different ranges according to the performance in capillary water absorption and vapor adsorption. The calculated results of the fractional dimension suggest that the structure variation rules of different types of pores can be characterized by the fractional dimension. The relationship between the macro-performance parameters and the micro-structure can be established by using the fractional dimension as the linkage to provide reference for the hydrothermal evaluation of the whole expanded perlite external thermal insulation composite system.

Pore structure, adsorption, and water absorption of expanded perlite mortar in external thermal insulation composite system during aging

Evaluation of thermal comfort standards in office buildings of Chile: Thermal sensation and preference assessment

Energy poverty analyzed considering the adaptive comfort of people living in social housing in the central-south of Chile

This research aims at clarifying the influence of the granulometry of expanded perlite, on the thermal conductivity, structural strength, density, and water absorption of lightweight mortars. Three original perlite gradations have been obtained and three pairs of twin test mortars have been tested with those gradations. SEM tests have also been run to clarify the interaction, at a microscopic level, between the expanded perlite and the cement grouting. The results indicate that the mere manipulation of the granulometry may have a considerable and very beneficial effect on the mixture’s properties, such as thermal conductivity and water absorption.

Jeremy Piggot-Navarrete

Papers

Evaluation of thermal comfort standards in office buildings of Chile: Thermal sensation and preference assessment

Energy poverty analyzed considering the adaptive comfort of people living in social housing in the central-south of Chile

Influence of Granulometry on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars Containing Expanded Perlite as a Lightweight Aggregate