Jessica Lopez

Bio: Jessica Lopez is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Managerial economics & Needs assessment. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 4 citations.

A Systematic Review: Costing and Financing of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools.

Abstract: Despite the success of recent efforts to increase access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) globally, approximately one-third of schools around the world still lack adequate WASH services. A lack of WASH in schools can lead to the spread of preventable disease and increase school absences, especially among women. Inadequate financing and budgeting has been named as a key barrier for integrating successful and sustainable WASH programs into school settings. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge around the costs of WASH components as well as financing models that could be applied to WASH in schools. Results show a lack of information around WASH costing, particularly around software elements as well as a lack of data overall for WASH in school settings as compared to community WASH. This review also identifies several key considerations when designing WASH budgets or selecting financing mechanisms. Findings may be used to advise future WASH in school programs.

The Contribution of Micro and Small Enterprises to Local Economic Development: Evidence from Coffee Houses of Mekelle City

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Violent Child Disciplining Practices at Home in Mekelle, Ethiopia: A Child Rights-Based Perspective

Abstract: Violent disciplining is one of the most common forms of violence experienced by children in Ethiopia. These practices are threatening the very survival and healthy development of the children involved. This study explores the experiences of children in Adi-Shumdihun with violent disciplining at home and in the family. The local discourses used to legitimize the practices, and the responses of relevant actors to the problem of violent disciplining are also discussed from a Child Rights-Based Approach (CRBA). In doing so, this study follows a qualitative research approach. While children in Adi-Shumdihun are passing through bitter experiences of violent disciplining, such practices are culturally encouraged and legally overlooked at the national and local levels. A CRBA is yet to be introduced to the work of relevant actors in Adi-Shumdihun. The first thing that a CRBA requires is recognizing children as rights-holders. Besides, a CRBA entails the full protection of children from violent disciplining practices. It also requires the establishment of enduring structures that enable the children to equally and actively participate in the decision-making process of the relevant actors.

Analysis of the Determinants of Academic Achievement of Primary Education: A Case Study on Grade Eight Students at Lay Gayint Wereda in Amhara Regional State

Abstract: Background: Ethiopia is one of the countries which placed education at the center of its strategies for development and democratization, with strong policies promoting quality of educational provision and rapid expansion of educational opportunity to previously underserved populations (AUC, 2005; TGE, 1994). Objective: The core objective behind this study is to identify key factors affecting output indicator of primary education quality at Lay Gayint Woreda in South Gondar zone. That is to identify factors which affect output indicator of quality of primary education, the determinant indicators on outcome variable, to select the most important variables that are related to output indicator of quality of primary education in Lay Gayint Woreda. Methods: In this study multiple linear regression model, factor analysis or principal component analysis was used. Conclusion: This study used regression analysis and factor/ principal component analysis and the following results were obtained. From the selected variables the most significance factors are counseling office, job satisfaction of teachers, way of monitoring and evaluation, school leadership and library service, sex, work load at home, time taken to arrive in the school and preschool attendance, schools input and leadership factors and teachers activity have a significance effect on the school output. The variables supportive books at home, head of house hold educational level, house hold size, age of the student, number of students in class, teachers academic qualification, exam condition, laboratory service, availability duplicating machine, toilet and water service in school had not significance effect on the output of schools.