Jianfeng X Du

Bio: Jianfeng X Du is an academic researcher from Shandong Agricultural University. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 1 citations.

Evolutions and Managements of Soil Microbial Community Structure Drove by Continuous Cropping

Abstract: Continuous cropping obstacles have increasingly become an important phenomenon affecting crop yield and quality. Its harm includes the deterioration of soil basic physical and chemical properties, changes of soil microbial community structure, accumulation of autotoxins, weakness of plant growth, and aggravation of diseases and pests. In this review, the evolutionary trend of soil microbial structure driven by continuous cropping was generalized, while drivers of these changes summed up as destruction of soil microbial living environment and competition within the community. We introduced a microorganism proliferation and working model with three basics and a vector, and four corresponding effective measures to reshape the structure were comprehensively expounded. According to the model, we also put forward three optimization strategies of the existing measures. In which, synthetic microbiology provides a new solution for improving soil community structure. Meanwhile, to ensure the survival and reproduction of soil microorganisms, it is necessary to consider their living space and carbon sources in soil fully. This review provided a comprehensive perspective for understanding the evolutionary trend of the soil microbial community under continuous cropping conditions and a summary of reshaping measures and their optimization direction.

Advances in understanding the soil-borne viruses of wheat: from the laboratory bench to strategies for disease control in the field

Abstract: Abstract In China, soil-borne viruses transmitted by the root parasite Polymyxa graminis have caused significant yield loss in winter wheat for many years. At present, it is believed that two main soil-borne RNA viruses, namely wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) are responsible for such losses. The molecular characteristics and infection processes of these two viruses have been intensively investigated and described substantially in detail, following the complete sequencing of their respective genomes. In this review, we highlight our recent findings on the distribution of WYMV and CWMV in China, the associated crop damage, the biological functions of WYMV and CWMV proteins as well as the viral temperature sensitivities. We also describe the characteristics of the resistance genes and discuss the novel virus–plant arms race strategies in hope of enlarging our understanding on the theme of virus-plant interactions. Finally, we compare current disease-management options and suggest the application of biotechnology-based genetic resistance to develop more cost-effective countermeasures for controlling soil-borne virus diseases in the future.

The in-depth revelation of the mechanism by which a downflow Leersia hexandra Swartz constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell synchronously removes Cr(VI) and p-chlorophenol and generates electricity.

Abstract: The composite pollution by Cr(VI) and p-chlorophenol (4-CP) has high toxicity and harms water safety. However, research on the effective removal of Cr(VI) and 4-CP composite-polluted wastewater (C&P) and efficient synchronous electricity generation with reclaimed resources is limited. In this study, a downflow Leersia hexandra constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (DLCW-MFC) was builded to treat C&P, as well as wastewater singularly polluted by Cr(VI) (SC) and 4-CP (SP), respectively, to reveal the mechanism by which DLCW-MFC treats C&P and synchronously generates electricity. The results demonstrate that the cathode layer had a stronger removal effect on pollutants than the middle layer and anode zone layer. Moreover, SC and SP had stronger pollutant removal effects than C&P. Cr(VI) had more competitive with electrons than 4-CP, and they had a synergistic effect on efficient electricity generation. The L.hexandra in SC and SP had a better growth state and lower Cr enrichment concentration than that in C&P. Cr existed in the DLCW-MFC mainly in the form of Cr(III). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to investigate the degradation pathway of 4-CP in C&P, and indicated that Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- and benzoic acid compounds were the main intermediates formed at the cathode, and further mineralized to form medium-long-chain organic compounds to form CO2. The microbial community distribution results revealed that Simplicispira, Cloacibacterium, and Rhizobium are associated with Cr(VI) removal and 4-CP degradation, and were found to be rich in the cathode of C&P. The anode of C&P was found to have more Acinetobacter (1.34%) and Spirochaeta (4.83%) than SC and SP, and the total relative abundance of electricigens at the anode of C&P (7.46%) was higher than that at the anodes of SC and SP. This study can provide a theoretical foundation for the DLCW-MFC to treat heavy metal and chlorophenol composite-polluted wastewater and synchronously generate electricity.

Advances in understanding the soil-borne viruses of wheat: from the laboratory bench to strategies for disease control in the field

Abstract: Abstract In China, soil-borne viruses transmitted by the root parasite Polymyxa graminis have caused significant yield loss in winter wheat for many years. At present, it is believed that two main soil-borne RNA viruses, namely wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) are responsible for such losses. The molecular characteristics and infection processes of these two viruses have been intensively investigated and described substantially in detail, following the complete sequencing of their respective genomes. In this review, we highlight our recent findings on the distribution of WYMV and CWMV in China, the associated crop damage, the biological functions of WYMV and CWMV proteins as well as the viral temperature sensitivities. We also describe the characteristics of the resistance genes and discuss the novel virus–plant arms race strategies in hope of enlarging our understanding on the theme of virus-plant interactions. Finally, we compare current disease-management options and suggest the application of biotechnology-based genetic resistance to develop more cost-effective countermeasures for controlling soil-borne virus diseases in the future.