Jianping Zhang

Bio: Jianping Zhang is an academic researcher from Shanghai University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Catalysis & Capacitive deionization. The author has an hindex of 44, co-authored 105 publications receiving 6881 citations.

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 by Using Novel Catalysts: State of the Art and Future Prospects.

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction with NH3 (NH3-SCR) is the most efficient technology to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from coal-fired industries, diesel engines, etc. Although V2O5-WO3(MoO3)/TiO2 and CHA structured zeolite catalysts have been utilized in commercial applications, the increasing requirements for broad working temperature window, strong SO2/alkali/heavy metal-resistance, and high hydrothermal stability have stimulated the development of new-type NH3-SCR catalysts. This review summarizes the latest SCR reaction mechanisms and emerging poison-resistant mechanisms in the beginning and subsequently gives a comprehensive overview of newly developed SCR catalysts, including metal oxide catalysts ranging from VOx, MnOx, CeO2, and Fe2O3 to CuO based catalysts; acidic compound catalysts containing vanadate, phosphate and sulfate catalysts; ion exchanged zeolite catalysts such as Fe, Cu, Mn, etc. exchanged zeolite catalysts; monolith catalysts including extruded, washcoated, and metal-mesh/foam-based monolith catalysts. The challenges and opportunities for each type of catalysts are proposed while the effective strategies are summarized for enhancing the acidity/redox circle and poison-resistance through modification, creating novel nanostructures, exposing specific crystalline planes, constructing protective/sacrificial sites, etc. Some suggestions are given about future research directions that efforts should be made in. Hopefully, this review can bridge the gap between newly developed catalysts and practical requirements to realize their commercial applications in the near future.

Morphology Dependence of Catalytic Properties of Ni/CeO2 Nanostructures for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane

Abstract: The comparative catalytic activity and coke resistance are examined in carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Ni/CeO2 nanorods (NR) and nanopolyhedra (NP). The Ni/CeO2–NR catalysts display more excellent catalytic activity and higher coke resistance compared with the Ni/CeO2–NP. The high resolution transmission electron microscope reveals that the predominantly exposed planes are the unusually reactive {110} and {100} planes on the CeO2–NR rather than the stable {111} one on the CeO2–NP. The prepared samples were also characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV and visible Raman spectra, and oxygen temperature-programmed oxidation. The {110} and {100} planes show great superiority for the anchoring of Ni nanoparticles, which results in the existence of strong metal–support interaction effect (SMSI). The SMSI effect can be helpful to prevent sintering of Ni particles, which benefits to reduce the dea...

Rational Design of High-Performance DeNOx Catalysts Based on MnxCo3–xO4 Nanocages Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract: Herein, we have rationally designed and originally developed a high-performance deNOx catalyst based on hollow porous MnxCo3–xO4 nanocages with a spinel structure thermally derived from nanocube-like metal–organic frameworks (Mn3[Co(CN)6]2·nH2O), which are synthesized via a self-assemble method. The as-prepared catalysts have been characterized systematically to elucidate their morphological structure and surface properties. As compared with conventional MnxCo3–xO4 nanoparticles, MnxCo3–xO4 nanocages possess a much better catalytic activity at low-temperature regions, higher N2 selectivity, more extensive operating-temperature window, higher stability, and SO2 tolerance. The feature of hollow and porous structures provides a larger surface area and more active sites to adsorb and activate reaction gases, resulting in the high catalytic activity. Moreover, the uniform distribution and strong interaction of manganese and cobalt oxide species not only enhance the catalytic cycle but also inhibit the formatio...

Enhanced capacitive deionization performance of graphene/carbon nanotube composites

Abstract: Graphene/carbon nanotube (GR/CNT) composites were prepared by a modified exfoliation approach and used as capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes. SEM and TEM images demonstrate that the CNTs are successfully inserted into the GR. Nitrogen sorption analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that the GR/CNT composites have a larger specific surface area and higher conductivity as compared with GR, which is due to the inserted CNTs inhibiting the aggregation and increasing the conductivity in the vertical direction. Through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge evaluation, we can conclude that the prepared composites have higher specific capacitance values and better stability, suggesting that the GR/CNT composite electrodes have a higher electrosorption capacity. Power and energy density analysis shows that the GR/CNT composite electrodes have higher power density and energy density and the energy density decay is relatively slow in a wide range of power as compared with GR, which indicates that the composite electrodes exhibit low energy consumption for capacitive deionization. The desalination capacity was evaluated by a batch mode electrosorptive experiment in a NaCl aqueous solution. As compared with GR and commercial activated carbon, the GR/CNT composite electrodes exhibit excellent desalination behavior, which is attributed to the improved electric conductivity and higher accessible surface area, which are quite beneficial for the electrosorption of ions onto the electrodes. The GR/CNT composites are confirmed to be promising materials for CDI electrodes.

Design of graphene-coated hollow mesoporous carbon spheres as high performance electrodes for capacitive deionization

Abstract: Graphene-coated hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (GHMCSs) are rationally designed and originally used as efficient electrode materials for capacitive deionization. The GHMCSs are fabricated by a simple template-directed method using phenolic polymer coated polystyrene spheres as templates. The resulting graphene-based composites have a hierarchically porous nanostructure with hollow mesoporous carbon spheres uniformly embedded in the graphene sheets. The hierarchically porous structure of GHMCS electrodes can guarantee fast transport of salt ions, and the improved specific surface area of GHMCSs provides more adsorption sites for the formation of an electrical double layer. In addition, the graphene sheets in the GHMCSs as the interconnected conductive networks lead to fast charge transfer. The unique GHMCS structure exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance, low inner resistance and long cycling lifetime. Besides, a remarkable capacitive deionization behavior of GHMCSs with low energy consumption is obtained in a NaCl solution. The proposed carbon composite architectures are expected to lay the foundation for the design and fabrication of high-performance electrodes in the field of energy and electrochemistry.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

Understanding TiO2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials.

Abstract: Jenny Schneider,*,† Masaya Matsuoka,‡ Masato Takeuchi,‡ Jinlong Zhang, Yu Horiuchi,‡ Masakazu Anpo,‡ and Detlef W. Bahnemann*,† †Institut fur Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universitaẗ Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany ‡Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai Osaka 599-8531, Japan Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Fundamentals and Catalytic Applications of CeO2-Based Materials

Abstract: Cerium dioxide (CeO2, ceria) is becoming an ubiquitous constituent in catalytic systems for a variety of applications. 2016 sees the 40th anniversary since ceria was first employed by Ford Motor Company as an oxygen storage component in car converters, to become in the years since its inception an irreplaceable component in three-way catalysts (TWCs). Apart from this well-established use, ceria is looming as a catalyst component for a wide range of catalytic applications. For some of these, such as fuel cells, CeO2-based materials have almost reached the market stage, while for some other catalytic reactions, such as reforming processes, photocatalysis, water-gas shift reaction, thermochemical water splitting, and organic reactions, ceria is emerging as a unique material, holding great promise for future market breakthroughs. While much knowledge about the fundamental characteristics of CeO2-based materials has already been acquired, new characterization techniques and powerful theoretical methods are dee...