I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in Landsat imagery

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

The objective of this study was to develop anatomically correct whole body human models of an adult male (34 years old), an adult female (26 years old) and two children (an 11-year-old girl and a six-year-old boy) for the optimized evaluation of electromagnetic exposure. These four models are referred to as the Virtual Family. They are based on high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of healthy volunteers. More than 80 different tissue types were distinguished during the segmentation. To improve the accuracy and the effectiveness of the segmentation, a novel semi-automated tool was used to analyze and segment the data. All tissues and organs were reconstructed as three-dimensional (3D) unstructured triangulated surface objects, yielding high precision images of individual features of the body. This greatly enhances the meshing flexibility and the accuracy with respect to thin tissue layers and small organs in comparison with the traditional voxel-based representation of anatomical models. Conformal computational techniques were also applied. The techniques and tools developed in this study can be used to more effectively develop future models and further improve the accuracy of the models for various applications. For research purposes, the four models are provided for free to the scientific community.

/pdf/the-virtual-family-development-of-surface-based-anatomical-47u5t3e6am.pdf

The Virtual Family—development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations

Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility

Dependence on Antenna Output Power of Temperature-Rise in Human Head Exposed to Near Fields of Portable Telephones

A shielding technique is an effective means to protect implanted cardiac pacemaker users from portable information terminals, whereas no evaluation methods for this aim have been established. In this paper, an FDTD model for predicting EMI levels in the pacemakers was introduced for numerical shielding effectiveness evaluation. In the model the pacemaker acted as a receiving antenna, which resulted in that the open-voltage at the pacemaker connector can be used as an appropriate index for EMI prediction. With this model the effectiveness of a magnetic rubber sheet and a resistive film was evaluated for reducing the EMI level in the pacemaker by portable information terminals. The results have shown that the resistive film has an excellent shielding effect so that even if the distance between the antenna and the human body is as close as 1.5 cm, the resistive film enables one to secure an effective distance longer than 22 cm being specified in the guideline of the Pacemaker Committee of Japan.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/7550/20565/00950552.pdf

Effectiveness evaluation of shielding material for reducing electromagnetic interference of cardiac pacemaker by portable information terminals

SUMMARY

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the necessity of electromagnetic (FM) dosimetry evaluation of pregnant women with fetus and of children as an urgent research subject in 2006, with emphasis on studies of whole-body average specific absorption rates (WBA-SARs) in various numerical models of pregnant woman and children for the purpose of determining the safety limits of WBA-SARs. The current safety limits were determined on the basis of behavior abnormalities in healthy adult animals in radio-frequency FM exposure and FM absorption characteristics at resonant frequencies, but not in experiments using pregnant and young animals. In this investigation, we calculated the voxel SARs and WBA-SARs in anatomically detailed models of pregnant woman and 3-year-old children at their resonant frequencies. The histograms and cumulative relative distributions of the voxel SARs were also derived to determine statistical outliers in the voxel SARs for pregnant woman and 3-year-old child models. We found that the mean voxel SARs agree with the WBA-SARs, and that median voxel SARs in the pregnant woman and 3-year-old child models are 47% and 55% of their means, respectively, and the peak voxel SARs are 70 times the mean in both cases. This suggests the possibility that finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)–calculated WBA-SARs may be overestimated due to the existence of statistical outliers. It was also found that although the total number ratio of voxel SARs for the outliers is 0.36% for the pregnant woman model and 0.34% for the 3-year-old child model, WBA-SARs excluding these outliers are less than those in the pregnant woman and 3-year-old child models by 6.8% and 5.7%, respectively.

Statistical Outliers in Voxel SARs and their Effect of Whole-Body Average SARs in Pregnant Woman and Child for Far-Field Exposure

In testing the possible biological effects of electromagnetic exposure from cellular telephones in small animals such as mice, it is essential to realize a highly localized head exposure as close as possible to that due to cellular telephones in humans. In this study, a 1.5GHz exposure setup was developed which has a highly localized specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2W/kg in the mouse brain and a low whole-body averaged SAR of 0.27W/kg. The low whole-body averaged SAR was realized by using a flexible magnetic sheet attachment on the mouse holder. Its validity has been carefully examined by both numerical simulation with an anatomically based mouse model and experimental simulation with a solid mouse phantom. Good agreement was obtained between the numerical and experimental results, which confirmed the effectiveness of the magnetic sheet attachment to the mouse holder. key words: bio-electromagnetic environment, cellular telephone, animal experiment, exposure setup, absorbing material

Realizing Highly Localized Exposure in Small Animals with Absorbing Material Covered Holder to Test Biological Effects of 1.5 GHz Cellular Telephones

Human Body Communication (HBC) uses the human body as a transmission medium, providing a new means for data transfer for body area networks (BANs). On the other hand, to improve low-profile high data rates communication performance for in-body to on-body (IB2OB) links, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology is a preferable candidate. Hence, in this work, channel characteristics based on HBC-UWB signals (10-50 MHz) for typical in-body to on-body links, such as heart, brain, arm, small intestine to sensor nodes attached on the body surface, are investigated to derive a comprehensive a path-loss model using an anatomical human model. The results show that a linear regulation term related to surface wave propagation should be added to construct a more accurate IB2OB path-loss model. The shadow fading is normally distributed around the derived mean path-loss. Moreover, the key parameters for channel characterization are summarized to provide useful insight for developing HBC-UWB implant communication system.

Jianqing Wang

Papers

Dependence on Antenna Output Power of Temperature-Rise in Human Head Exposed to Near Fields of Portable Telephones

Effectiveness evaluation of shielding material for reducing electromagnetic interference of cardiac pacemaker by portable information terminals

Statistical Outliers in Voxel SARs and their Effect of Whole-Body Average SARs in Pregnant Woman and Child for Far-Field Exposure

Realizing Highly Localized Exposure in Small Animals with Absorbing Material Covered Holder to Test Biological Effects of 1.5 GHz Cellular Telephones

HBC-UWB Channel Modeling for In-body to On-body Communication Link