TGFβ2 is an essential regulator of immune cell functionality, but the mechanisms whereby it drives immune infiltration in gastric cancer remain uncertain. The Oncomine and Tumor Immunoassay Resource (TIMER) databases were used for assessing the expression of TGFβ2, after which TIMER was used to explore the relationship between TGFβ2 and tumour immune infiltration. Finally, we assessed how TGFβ2 expression correlated with the expression of a set of marker genes associated with immune infiltration using TIMER and GEPIA. We determined TGFβ2 expression to be significantly correlated with outcome in multiple types of cancer in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), with the effect being particularly pronounced in gastric cancer. Furthermore, elevated TGFβ2 expression was found to be significantly correlated with gastric cancer N staging, and with the expression of a variety of immune markers associated with particular immune cell subsets. These results indicate that TGFΒ2 is associated with patient outcome and tumour immune cell infiltration in multiple cancer types. This suggests that TGFβ2 is a key factor which governs immune cell recruitment to gastric cancer tumours, potentially playing a vital role in governing immune cell infiltration and thus representing a valuable prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer patients.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jcmm.15164

TGFβ2 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in gastric cancer.

Heavy metals and nitrates are important causes of groundwater pollution and threaten human health worldwide, so the purpose of this study is to determine the concentration of anions cations, and heavy metals in rural drinking water resources and to estimate the health risks (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) for children, women, and men Chemical analysis and testing were performed on 138 water samples taken from rural drinking water resources in Kurdistan, Iran. The health risk assessments were evaluated using hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and lifetime cancer risk (CR) according to the methods recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. It was found that, except for arsenic (max. concentration 54 mg/l) and nitrate (max. concentration 225 mg/l), the contents of other parameters were lower than the allowable standard levels assigned for drinking water. It should be mentioned that the amount of arsenic and nitrate in 10.8% and 14.5% of the samples exceeded the standard limit, respectively. Regarding fluoride, its concentration was lower than the minimum recommended standard in 80% of the samples with average concentration of 0.55 mg/l. The maximum HQ values for arsenic in men, women, and children in the study area were 4.73, 5.5, and 11, respectively. Similarly for nitrate were 0.55, 0.83, and 1.65, respectively, so that 40% of the water resources of some villages can have non-carcinogenic effects for children. The findings show that in a number of villages, consumers are at the carcinogenic risk of Arsenic. It can be concluded that arsenic and nitrate have been the cause of adverse health effects in the study areas. Therefore, various control programs such as reducing and monitoring the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, controlling agricultural runoff, replacing water resources, and household water treatment are recommended to protect the health of consumers.

Evaluation of drinking water quality and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals in rural areas of Kurdistan, Iran

Nano-encapsulated PCM consists of a solid shell and a phase change material (PCM) in the core that improves the thermal properties of base fluids. The heat capacity of the nanofluid increases due to the latent heat of the NEPCM core and the heat transfer rate increases dramatically. Also, a phase change occurs in a certain range of temperature. In the present study, the core and shell of NEPCM are n-nonadecane and polyurethane, respectively. Mixed convection of water-NEPCM is simulated inside a square chamber with cold walls and a hot rotating cylinder in the center. Coupled PDE equations are solved by the SIMPLE algorithm and developing C++ code. The parameters of Grashof number, Reynolds number, intensity of stored energy in the core of NEPCM (χ), and fusion temperature ( θ f ) have been studied on the flow pattern, temperature contour, heat capacity ratio (Cr) contour, and Nusselt number. Based on this study it can be concluded that in general the optimal state of θ f is in moderate values or especially numbers close to 0.5 and at this range of θ f , χ reduction can enhance Nusselt number more. Also, at high Gr number by increasing Re number, heat transfer rate reduces. The results also show that adding NEPCM can increase the Nusselt number by more than 13%.

Simulation of mixed-convection of water and nano-encapsulated phase change material inside a square cavity with a rotating hot cylinder

Biochar suppresses bacterial wilt disease of flue-cured tobacco by improving soil health and functional diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms

miR-770-5p regulates EMT and invasion in TNBC cells by targeting DNMT3A

Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death (RCD), and its emergence has provided a new approach to the progression and drug resistance of breast cancer (BRCA). However, there is still a great gap in the study of ferroptosis-related genes in BRCA, especially luminal-type BRCA patients. We downloaded the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of BRCA patients from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Then, we built a prognostic multigene signature with ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the METABRIC cohort and validated it in the TCGA cohort. The predictive value of this signature was investigated in terms of the immune microenvironment and the probability of a response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. The patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group according to the ferroptosis-associated gene signature, and the high-risk group had a worse overall survival (OS). The risk score based on the 10 ferroptosis-related gene-based signature was determined to be an independent prognostic predictor in both the METABRIC and TCGA cohorts (HR, 1.41, 95% CI, 1.14–1.76, P = 0.002; HR, 2.19, 95% CI, 1.13–4.26, P = 0.02). Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the term “cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction” was enriched in the high-risk score subgroup. Moreover, the immune infiltration scores of most immune cells were significantly different between the two groups, the low-risk group was much more sensitive to immunotherapy, and six drugs might have potential therapeutic implications in the high-risk group. Finally, a nomogram incorporating a classifier based on the 10 ferroptosis-related genes, tumor stage, age and histologic grade was established. This nomogram showed favorable discriminative ability and could help guide clinical decision-making for luminal-type breast carcinoma.

/pdf/a-ferroptosis-associated-gene-signature-for-the-prediction-2ov5ru72jw.pdf

A ferroptosis-associated gene signature for the prediction of prognosis and therapeutic response in luminal-type breast carcinoma

Recent studies have indicated that serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3 (SERPINA3) is a potential marker associated with tumor progression, which connoted that SERPINA3 is related to malignant phenotypes in cancer However, the biological function of SERPINA3 in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear Bioinformatics data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was conducted to determine SERPINA3 expression With strong aggressive abilities, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BT549 and MDA-MB-436) were obtained to examine SERPINA3 expression and functions Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to measure cell migration and invasion Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was conducted to detect cell proliferation abilities and cell viabilities SERPINA3 was upregulated in BC tissues Functional assays suggested that overexpression of SERPINA3 significantly promoted cell proliferation, where migration and invasion of TNBC cells were accelerated Knockdown of SERPINA3 had the opposite effects These results causing by overexpression of SERPINA3 were also confirmed in non-TNBC cell lines Overexpression of SERPINA3 remarkably enhanced the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating the EMT markers and EZH2 In addition, the overexpression of SERPINA3 reduced the sensitivity of TNBC cells to cisplatin SERPINA3 can regulate the migration, invasion and EMT of TNBC cells and increased expression of SERPINA3 confers resistance to cisplatin in TNBC cells We discern it is required for the regulation of BC progression and is a critical target for the clinical treatment of BC

/pdf/overexpression-of-serpina3-promotes-tumor-invasion-and-38q2l6fee0.pdf

Overexpression of SERPINA3 promotes tumor invasion and migration, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in triple-negative breast cancer cells

A look into the link between centrosome amplification and breast cancer

Background: KLHL5 (Kelch Like Family Member 5) is differentially expressed in gastric cancer, but its correlation with prognosis and functioning mechanism in gastric cancer remain unclear. Methods: The Oncomine database and TIMER were employed to appraise the KLHL5 expression in a variety of cancers. The correlation between KLHL5 expression and patient prognosis was extracted from the Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEPIA, and PrognoScan database. Then the relationship between KLHL5 expression and inflammatory infiltrate profiles was inquired by TIMER. Finally, GEPIA and TIMER were explored for the correlative significance between KLHL5 expression and immune cell-related marker sets. Results: KLHL5 was found to be differentially expressed and correlated with clinical outcomes in several types of cancers in the TCGA database. Especially, KLHL5 mRNA expression was upregulated and correlated with poorer overall survival and progression-free survival in gastric cancer. Moreover, elevated KLHL5 expression was significantly related with patient node stage, infiltration level, and expression of multiple immune marker sets. Conclusions: These results implicate that KLHL5 expression is closely linked with patient clinical outcomes and the microenvironmental infiltration level in different neoplasms. This indicates that KLHL5 is a modulator in infiltrate recruitment, shaping the landscape of immune cell infiltration. Thus, it represents an eligible prognostic predictor for gastric malignancy.

/pdf/klhl5-is-a-prognostic-related-biomarker-and-correlated-with-4gemhcmemu.pdf

KLHL5 Is a Prognostic-Related Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive molecule which participates in many physical and pathological processes. Although LPA receptor 6 (LPAR6), the last identified LPA receptor, has been reported to have diverse effects in multiple cancers, including breast cancer, its effects and functioning mechanisms are not fully known. Multiple public databases were used to investigate the mRNA expression of LPAR6, its prognostic value, and potential mechanisms in breast cancer. Western blotting was performed to validate the differential expression of LPAR6 in breast cancer tissues and their adjacent tissues. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were used to explore the effects of LPAR6 on breast cancer. Additionally, TargetScan and miRWalk were used to identify potential upstream regulating miRNAs and validated the relationship between miR-27a-3p and LPAR6 via real-time polymerase chain reaction and an in vitro rescue assay. LPAR6 was significantly downregulated in breast cancer at transcriptional and translational levels. Decreased LPAR6 expression in breast cancer is significantly correlated with poor overall survival, disease-free survival, and distal metastasis-free survival, particularly for hormone receptor-positive patients, regardless of lymph node metastatic status. In vitro gain and loss-of-function assays indicated that LPAR6 attenuated breast cancer cell proliferation. The analyses of TCGA and METABRIC datasets revealed that LPAR6 may regulate the cell cycle signal pathway. Furthermore, the expression of LPAR6 could be positively regulated by miR-27a-3p. The knockdown of miR-27a-3p increased cell proliferation, and ectopic expression of LPAR6 could partly rescue this phenotype. LPAR6 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and is positively regulated by miR-27a-3p.

/pdf/lysophosphatidic-acid-receptor-6-regulated-by-mir-27a-3p-48hjm66ls5.pdf

Jiao Tian

Papers

A ferroptosis-associated gene signature for the prediction of prognosis and therapeutic response in luminal-type breast carcinoma

Overexpression of SERPINA3 promotes tumor invasion and migration, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in triple-negative breast cancer cells

A look into the link between centrosome amplification and breast cancer

KLHL5 Is a Prognostic-Related Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer.

Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 regulated by miR-27a-3p attenuates tumor proliferation in breast cancer