Showing papers by "Jie Zhang published in 2001"

Observation of Large CP Violation in the Neutral B Meson System

Abstract: We present a measurement of the standard model $\mathrm{CP}$ violation parameter $\mathrm{sin}2{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}$ based on a $29.1{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. One neutral $B$ meson is fully reconstructed as a $J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}_{S}$, $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S){K}_{S}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}{K}_{S}$, ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}{K}_{S}$, $J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}_{L}$, or $J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{*0}$ decay and the flavor of the accompanying $B$ meson is identified from its decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time intervals between the two $B$ meson decay points, we determine $\mathrm{sin}2{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06(\mathrm{syst})$. We conclude that we have observed $\mathrm{CP}$ violation in the neutral $B$ meson system.

Pharmacologic inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is neuroprotective following traumatic brain injury in rats

Abstract: The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which has been shown to be activated following experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), binds to DNA strand breaks and utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a substrate. Since consumption of NAD may be deleterious to recovery in the setting of CNS injury, we examined the effect of a potent PARP inhibitor, GPI 6150, on histological outcome following TBI in the rat. Rats (n = 16) were anesthetized, received a preinjury dose of GPI 6150 (30 min; 15 mg/kg, i.p.), subjected to lateral fluid percussion (FP) brain injury of moderate severity (2.5-2.8 atm), and then received a second dose 3 h postinjury (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Lesion area was examined using Nissl staining, while DNA fragmentation and apoptosis-associated cell death was assessed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) with stringent morphological evaluation. Twenty-four hours after brain injury, a significant cortical lesion and number of TUNEL-positive/nonapoptotic cells and TUNEL-positive/apoptotic cells in the injured cortex of vehicle-treated animals were observed as compared to uninjured rats. The size of the trauma-induced lesion area was significantly attenuated in the GPI 6150-treated animals versus vehicle-treated animals (p < 0.05). Treatment of GPI 6150 did not significantly affect the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the injured cortex. The observed neuroprotective effects on lesion size, however, offer a promising option for further evaluation of PARP inhibition as a means to reduce cellular damage associated with TBI.

Proliferation and differentiation of prostatic stromal cells.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of androgen, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the proliferation and differentiation of prostatic stromal cells of the dog in vivo and human stromal cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two dogs had their serum concentration of testosterone and oestradiol determined by radioimmunoassay before and after castration. Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and an in situ cell-death assay were carried out successively before and after castration to evaluate prostatic histomorphology. A semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of TGF-beta, bFGF and myosin in the canine prostate tissue after castration. In vitro serum-free cell cultures from human prostatic stroma were established and exposed to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), TGF-beta and bFGF in various concentrations. The proliferation of the cell cultures was detected by the tetrazolium assay. The differentiation from fibroblasts to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was deduced by measuring the expression of SMC-specific proteins (myosin and smoothelin) using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS Castration resulted in a significant decrease in circulating testosterone levels (P 0.05). The prostatic stromal cells, including SMCs and fibroblasts, diminished and underwent a serial pathological change of atrophy and apoptosis after castration. The atrophic cells were filled with intracellular lipofuscin. The expression of SMC myosin declined after castration, coincident with the increase in TGF-beta mRNA level and decline in bFGF mRNA. In vitro, TGF-beta inhibited the growth of human prostatic stromal cells during exponential growth, while enhancing myosin staining and stimulating the expression of smoothelin in confluent cultured stromal cells. bFGF stimulated the growth of the culture and inhibited the expression of smoothelin. DHT caused a weak increase in the proliferation and expression of SMC-specific proteins (P < 0.05). However, DHT and bFGF together stimulated the proliferation of stromal cells significantly more than either agent alone (P < 0.01). The combination of DHT and TGF-beta greatly enhanced the expression of SMC-specific proteins (P < 0.01), more strongly than either alone (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The whole prostate gland is an androgen-sensitive organ, with both the epithelium and stroma under the control of androgen. Androgen may direct the proliferation and differentiation of prostatic stromal cells by regulating the expression of TGF-beta and bFGF. Thus DHT, TGF-beta and bFGF may have important roles in regulating stromal cell homeostasis.

Beneficial effects of gpi 6150, an inhibitor of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase in a rat model of splanchnic artery occlusion and reperfusion.: 174

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of GPI 6150, a new poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, in the pathogenesis of splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. SAO shock was induced in rats by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk for 45 min, followed by reperfusion. At 60 min after reperfusion, SAO-shocked rats developed a significant fall in mean arterial blood pressure, significant increase of tissue myeloperoxidase activity (111 ± 4.3 U/100 mg wet tissue vs. 28 ± 3.2 U/100 mg wet tissue of sham-operated rats), and marked histological injury to the distal ileum and a significant mortality (0% survival at 2 h after reperfusion). Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase in the immunoreactivity to PARP, P-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in the necrotic ileum. GPI 6150 treatment significantly improved mean arterial blood pressure, prevented the infiltration of neutrophils (72 ± 3.6 U/100 mg wet tissue) into the reperfused intestine, improved the histological status of the reperfused tissues, markedly reduced the intensity of P-selectin and ICAM-1 in tissue section from SAO-shocked rats, and improved survival. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that GPI 6150 exerts multiple protective effects in splanchnic artery occlusion/reperfusion shock.

Electroless polyol synthesis and properties of nanostructured NixCo100−x films

Abstract: A non-aqueous, electroless, polyol process was used to deposit nanostructured NixCo100−x films on Cu substrates by reducing nickel acetate and cobalt acetate in refluxing ethylene glycol at 194°C for 1 h. As-deposited films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), microhardness and microscratch tests. The films had a (1 1 1) texture and the average crystallite size increased with x from 15 to 64 nm. The films showed in-plane magnetization anisotropy. Saturation magnetization (Ms) increased with increasing Co concentration and reached 1421 emu/cm3 for Co100. The perpendicular coercivity (Hc⊥) was higher than that in-plane (Hc). The Ni50Co50 film had the highest Hc⊥ and microhardness compared to other films of different compositions. The critical load for delamination increased with x and was independent of film thickness. In this polyol process film deposition on the substrate competed with undesirable powder precipitation in the solution. Lowering the reaction temperature did not favor film deposition. However, film deposition occurred when an electric field was applied during the reaction at temperature as low as 100°C. Precipitation of colloidal particles persisted at this low temperature in a different diol.

Measurement of the Michel parameters and the $\nu_\tau$ helicity in $\tau$ lepton decays

Abstract: A measurement of the Michel parameters and the average $ u_\tau$ helicity in $\tau$ lepton decays is described. The data was collected with the ALEPH detector at LEP during the years 1991 to 1995. A total integrated luminosity of 155\,$\text{pb}^{-1}$ is analysed. The Michel parameters $\rho_l$, $\xi_l$, $(\xi\delta)_l$ ($l=e,\mu$), and $\eta_\mu$ are determined for the leptonic deca ys, and the chirality parameters $\xi_\pi$, $\xi_\rho$, and $\xi_{a_1}$ for the hadronic final states. Under the assumptions of $e$\bis $\mu$ universality and $\xi_\pi=\xi_\rho=\xi_{a_1}$, the values $\rho_l=0.742\pm 0.016, \eta_l=0.01 2\pm 0.026,\break (\xi\delta)_l=0.776\pm 0.051, \xi_l=0.986\pm 0.074$, and $\xi_h=0.992\pm 0.011$ are obtained. No significant deviation is observed from the Standard Model assumption of the \ vma{} structure of the charged weak interaction.

Measurement of $A_{\rm FB}^b$ using inclusive $b$ -hadron decays

Abstract: Based on a sample of four million events collected by ALEPH from 1991 to 1995, a measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry in Z -> b-barb decays using inclusive final states is presented. High-performance tagging of b-barb events in a wide angular range is achieved using neural network techniques. An optimal hemisphere charge estimator is built by merging primary and secondary vertex information, leading kaon identification and jet charge in a neural network. The average charge asymmetry, the flavour tagging efficiencies and mean b-hemisphere charges are measured from data and used to extract the pole b asymmetry in the Standard Model A^{0,b}_{FB} = 0.1009 +- 0.0027 (stat) +- 0.0015 (syst) , corresponding to a value of the effective weak mixing angle of sin^2(theta_W^{eff}) = 0.23193 +- 0.00056.

Research and realization of OADM technology in metro optical network

Abstract: Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM) is an important network element. In the ring architecture, OADM can be introduced to make efficient use of network capacity, network protection, wavelength routing and many more good features. In this paper, an OADM with high performance realized by us is demonstrated. The key technical problem , solving method and design rule for the OADM are given. The experiment results of long distance transmission by use of the OADM are illuminated by some figure . It shows that the OADM realized by us is advanced, practical, reliable, and applied in China Advanced Info-Optical Network (CAINONet).

Long-Run Implications of Social Security Taxation for Growth and Fertility

Abstract: This paper compares long-run implications for growth and fertility of four types of taxation for social security with positive bequests. A tax rise under lump-sum taxation enhances growth but lowers fertility, while other types of taxation do so under additional restrictions. A tax rise under consumption taxation is less likely to stimulate growth and to reduce fertility than under payroll taxation. Arise in an interest income tax raises fertility, reduces both savings and human capital investment, and hence is harmful for growth. The case with zero bequests is also discussed.

Evidence for the electroweak penguin decay $B \to X_{s} \ell^{+} \ell^{-}$

Abstract: We report a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay $B \to X_{s} \ell^{+} \ell^{-}$ using a 295 fb$^{-1}$ data sample accumulated at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^{+}e^{-}$ storage ring We observe evidence for $B\to K\mu^+\mu^-$ and report the preliminary branching fraction of ${\cal B}(B \to K \mu^{+} \mu^{-}) = (099^{+039}_{-032}^{+013}_{-015}) \times 10^{-6}$ We also set the following 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions for exclusive and inclusive decays, ${\cal B}(B \to K e^{+} e^{-}) < 12 \times 10^{-6}$, ${\cal B}(B \to K^*(892) e^{+} e^{-}) < 51 \times 10^{-6}$, ${\cal B}(B \to K^*(892) \mu^{+} \mu^{-}) < 30 \times 10^{-6}$, ${\cal B}(B \to X_{s} e^{+} e^{-}) < 101 \times 10^{-6}$, ${\cal B}(B \to X_{s} \mu^{+} \mu^{-}) < 191 \times 10^{-6}$

An experimental study on effects of pingyangmycin on vessels

Abstract: OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Pingyangmycin sclerotherapy for cavernous hemangiomas. METHODS Totally 9 rabbits (one as the control) were selected to be injected with Pingyangmycin and sodium morrhuate into the auricularis posterior vein, and then these veins were examined histologically 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after injection respectively. RESULTS After injection, Pingyangmycin nonspecifically made the endothelia and veins defective, and induced proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells after 7 days. Further, the veins became sclerostenosis 21 days after injection. On the other hand, sodium morrhuate caused thrombosis quickly and the vascular cavity disappeared. Finally, the thrombus became fibrogenesis. The local skin could be observed swollen and necrosis. CONCLUSION Pingyangmycin is a better sclerosant for the therapy of cavernous hemangioma.

Measurement of $D_s^+$ and $D_s^{*+}$ production in $B$ meson decays and from continuum $e^+e^-$ annihilations at $\sqrt{s}$ = 10.6 GeV

Abstract: New precise measurements of $D_s^+$ and $D_s^{*+}$ meson production from $B$ mesons and $q\overline q$ continuum events near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance are presented in this paper. Using the BABAR data recorded in 1999 and 2000 of 20.8 fb$^{-1}$ on-resonance and 2.6 fb$^{-1}$ off-resonance, we measure the inclusive branching fractions ${\cal B}(B\to D_s^+ X) = (10.93\pm 0.19\pm 0.58\pm 2.73)%$ and ${\cal B}(B\to D_s^{*+} X) = (7.94\pm 0.82\pm 0.72\pm 1.99)%$, where the first error is statistical, the second is the systematic error, and the third is the error due to the $D_s^+\to\phi\pi^+$ branching fraction uncertainty. The branching fractions $\Sigma {\cal B}(B\to D_s^{(*)+} \overline D^{(*)}) = (5.07\pm 0.09\pm 0.34\pm 1.27)%$ and $\Sigma {\cal B}(B\to D_s^{*+} \overline D^{(*)}) = (4.07\pm 0.42\pm 0.53\pm 1.02)%$ have been determined from the measured $D_s^{(*)+}$ momentum spectra.

[Buccal swab: a convenient source of DNA for analysis of IL-1 gene polymorphisms].

Abstract: Objective PCR-RFLP based techniques have become standard procedures for gene polymorphism screening. Peripheral venous blood is currently the most commonly employed source of DNA for human genome analysis. However, it has many practical disadvantage and inherent limitations to use blood as DNA source. Blood sampling is invasive, painful and involves a potential risk of contamination with hepatitis. The classic procedure to extract genomic DNA from whole blood is phenol/chloroform technique, which is relative complicated and time consuming. Therefore, this study was performed to try an alternative instead of using blood as DNA source for gene polymorphism analysis. Methods Four methods were employed to obtain DNA from the same subject including DNA from venous blood through phenol/chloroform extraction, DNA from dried blood spot through Chelex 100 technique, DNA from buccal swab through Chelex 100 technique and the dried blood spot directly as DNA template for PCR. Then, these various forms of DNA were used in PCR RFLP procedure to analyze IL-1 gene polymorphisms, and their specificity and sensitivity were evaluated. Results Our results indicate that both the buccal swab and the blood based assays reached complete concordance in typing the IL-1 gene polymorphisms, while the Chelex 100 procedure for extracting DNA from buccal swab is much simpler and more rapid. It is non-invasive to get buccal swab. The amount of DNA obtained through one buccal swab is 63.8 micrograms +/- 18.7 micrograms, which is enough for 10 PCR reactions. Conclusion Buccal swab appears to be an excellent source of DNA for detection of polymorphisms of human IL-1 gene.

[Expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, 4 in mouse embryonic tooth during the bud stage].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to investigate the distributions of bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2, 4 in the developing molars of mice during the bud stage and, the functional relationship between BMP-2 and BMP-4. METHODS The distribution of BMP-2, 4 were examined in developing mouse molars on the 14th (the 14th embryonic day), using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS BMP-2, 4 were detected both in the epithelial cells and dental mesenchyme cells. CONCLUSION There is a similar distribution pattern between BMP-2 and BMP-4. Therefore, there may be a functional relationship between BMP-2 and BMP-4 during the development of mouse embryonic teeth in the bud stage.

Analysis of cDNA and protein structure of tree shrew cholesterol ester transfer protein

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To obtain the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) cDNA of tree shrew, mammalian insusceptible to atherosclerosis. METHODS The first strand of cDNA of tree shrew was obtained from its liver. The sequence of tree shrew CETP cDNA was obtained by using techniques of switching mechanism at 5' end of RNA transcript (SMART) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE), The CETP amino acid sequence was deduced from this cDNA and its primary and secondary structures were predicted by using DNAMAN, a software of molecular biology. Results The tree shrew CETP cDNA sequence covers 1636 bp, including a 178 bp fragment at the 3' of untranslated region and a 1458 bp fragment in the coding region, coding the complete sequence of mature tree shrew CETP except the initiator methionine. There are 477 amino acids in its mature protein, one amino acid more than that in human beings, with an extra Gly318. The homology of tree shrew CETP and human CETP and rabbit CETP is 88% and 82% respectively judged by comparing the amino acid sequence of tree shrew CETP and those of human beings and rabbit. The regions concerning the CETP function of binding and transferring neutral lipids in tree shrew CETP amino acid sequence are highly conservative. However, there is a deletion of N-linked glycosylation site at Asn342 in tree shrew protein that may increase the ability of removing peripheral cholesterol and cholesteryl ester. CONCLUSION The glycosylation in tree shrew CETP may be one of the mechanisms of insusceptibility to atherosis of tree shrew.

Deletion mapping of chromosome 18q and Smad proteins expression analysis in urinary bladder carcinomas

Abstract: Objective To investigate the role of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 18q in the carcinogenesis and progression of urinary bladder cancer and to provide clues for early detection and positional cloning of related genes. Methods Deletion mapping was performed on 18q using 12 microsatellite markers. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to evaluate the expression level of two tumor suppressor candidates Smad 2 and Smad 4 in this region. Results LOH in at least one of the 12 microsatellites on 18q was detected in 84.2% (32/38) of patients with bladder cancer. The minimal deletion region included tumor suppressor candidate Smad 4. Immunohistochemical study revealed that 21.1% (8/38) of the cases had up-regulated Smad 2 protein and 34.2% (13/38) of the cases had down-regulated Smad 2 protein. Smad4 protein expression was down-regulated in 68.4% (26/38) of the cases but up-regulated Smad 4 expression was seen in only one case. Conclusions LOH on 18q was closely linked with bladder cancer. The irregular expression of tumor suppressor candidates Smad 2 and Smad 4 may play important role in the initiation and progression of bladder neoplasms.

Prediction of ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node metastasis (N2 disease) in patients with lung cancer

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the relation between the clinical pathophysiological characteristics and mediastinal lymph node metastasis (N2 disease) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out. Between January, 1996, and October, 1999, 378 patients with NSCLC underwent mediastinal lymph nodes dissection, and 105 of them were proved to be N2 disease through pathological examination. A clinical lymph node staging (c-N) was determined on the basis of findings of preoperative CT scan in each patient: mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes 1.0cm or larger in the shortest axis were diagnosed as metastasis (c-N1-2). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the relationship between clinical predictors and pathologically proven N2 disease. RESULTS: Among all of the 378 cases, N2 disease accounted for 27.8%(105/378). c-N2 disease, adenocarcinoma and c-T3 tumor were the significant clinical predictors of pathological N2 disease on the basis of multivariate analysis (P<0.001). Among 316 patients with c-N0-1 disease, N2 disease accounted for 23.4%(74/316). Adenocarcinoma and c-T2-3 tumor were significant clinical predictors of pathologic N2 disease according to multivariate analysis procedure (P<0.05). When these predictors were combined, more than 50% of adenocarcinoma with c-T3 tumor and about 40% of adenocarcinoma with c-T2 tumor had N2 disease (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the patients with adenocarcinoma and c-T2 or c-T3 tumor, probability of pathological N2 disease should be considered.

Guided tissue regeneration with Biomesh membrane for Class II furcation defects

Abstract: OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate clinical significance of the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) by using Biomesh membrane to the treatment of Class II furcation defects. METHODS Totally 8 molars with Class II furcation defects of 6 periodontitis patients were treated. The clinical effects of GTR were evaluated by measuring changes of pocket probing depths (PPD), clinical attachment levels (CAL), and alveolar bone on X-ray films prior to and 6 months after the surgery. RESULTS All patients had no swollen or pain reaction on these surgery areas after the surgery, and the PPD was reduced and the CAL was gain significantly 6 months after the surgery. The new alveolar bone formation was demonstrated. CONCLUSION The GTR with Biomesh membrane is a good therapy method for Class II furcation defects.

Allele frequencies of pentanucleotide STR D6S957 in Chinese and German populations.

Abstract: Specimens were obtained from 99 Germans (Bremen, Germany) and 131 Chinese (Chengdu, Sichuan province, China), who were unrelated volunteer blood donors. DNA was extracted using the Chelex method (1). DNA Typing was carried out by PCR. Amplification primers for D6S957 locus were published in GDB, which were designed by the Utah marker development group (2). Each PCR reaction contained 2 to 40 ng human genomic DNA, 1x Taq buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 200 µM each nucleotide, 1.5 U Taq polymerase, 0.25 µM each primer in a total volume of 37.5 µL. In the PCR protocol the DNA was initially denatured at 94°C for 5 min. This was followed with 94°C for 40 s, 60°C for 50 s and 72°C for 1 min. A total of 30 cycles was carried out in a GeneAmp PCR System 9600. The PCR products were analyzed using a horizontal nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system (3). The gels were silverstained (4). Allele determination was carried out by comparison with the sequenced human allele ladder, which was made in-house and contained all the alleles found in this study. Following the recommendations of the International Society of Forensic Haemogenetics (5), the allele classification for the D6S957 locus was based on the number of repeat motifs. A modified X2-test (6) was used to verify whether the genotype distribution conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predictions. All other parameters dealing with forensic genetics were calculated with a computer program POWERSTATS (7).