Author
Jill G. Hackell
Other affiliations:Â American Cyanamid, Ohio State University
Bio: Jill G. Hackell is an academic researcher from Praxis. The author has contributed to research in topics: Vaccination & Tetanus. The author has an hindex of 21, co-authored 32 publications receiving 4992 citations. Previous affiliations of Jill G. Hackell include American Cyanamid & Ohio State University.
Papers
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TL;DR: The Wyeth Lederle as discussed by the authors determined the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the CRM197 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes and to determine the effectiveness of this vaccine against clinical episodes of otitis media.
Abstract: Objective.To determine the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the heptavalent CRM197 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes and to determine the effectiveness of this vaccine against clinical episodes of otitis media.Methods.The Wyeth Lederle
2,204Â citations
TL;DR: The heptavalent CRM197 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was given to infants at 2, 4, 6 and 12 to 15 months of age in a randomized, double blind trial and was effective in reducing the risk of pneumonia in young children.
Abstract: Objective. To determine the effectiveness of the Wyeth heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against clinical and radiograph-confirmed pneumonia in children. Methods. The heptavalent CRM 197 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was given to infants at 2, 4, 6 and 12 to 15 months of age in a randomized, double blind trial. 1 Children were randomized to receive either the CRM 197 PCV (vaccine group) or the meningococcal type C CRM 197 conjugate vaccine (control group). The primary outcome of this trial was invasive pneumococcal disease. In addition children with the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia in the study population were identified through review of automated inpatient, emergency and outpatient databases. The subset of the cohort of these children who had chest radiographs obtained at the time of diagnosis was identified, and the original reading of their radiographs by the radiologist was obtained from automated databases. Rates of clinically diagnosed pneumonia, of pneumonia with a radiograph obtained regardless of result, of pneumonia with positive radiograph (consolidation, empyema or parenchymal infiltrate) and of pneumonia with only perihilar infiltrates were compared between vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups. In addition risk of disease pneumonia was evaluated by race and ethnicity. Results. The incidence of a first pneumonia episode in the control group was 55.9 per 1000 person-years. A radiograph was obtained in 61% of episodes, a positive radiograph in 21% and perihilar findings in an additional 5%. In per protocol follow-up of children given PCV, first episodes of all clinically diagnosed pneumonia were reduced by 4.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), -3.5, 11.5%, P = 0.27], episodes with a radiograph were reduced by 9.8% (CI 0.1, 18.5%, P 2 years of age. Asians, blacks and Hispanics were at higher risk of pneumonia than were whites, but there was no evidence of ethnic variation in PCV effectiveness. Ten of the 11 cases of pneumo-coccal pneumonia with a positive blood culture were in the control group. Conclusion. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine tested was effective in reducing the risk of pneumonia in young children.
612Â citations
TL;DR: PnCRM7 vaccine prevents vaccine serotype invasive pneumococcal disease even in a high risk population and other regions with similar disease burden should consider including this vaccine in the routine childhood vaccine schedule.
395Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, two live attenuated, recombinantly derived RSV vaccine candidates, rA2cp248/404/1030 Delta SH and rA 2cp248,404,1030 delta SH, were evaluated in 31 adults and 95 children >/=6 months old.
Abstract: Background Recombination technology can be used to create live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines that contain combinations of known attenuating mutations. Methods Two live attenuated, recombinantly derived RSV vaccine candidates, rA2cp248/404 Delta SH and rA2cp248/404/1030 Delta SH, were evaluated in 31 adults and in 95 children >/=6 months old. rA2cp248/404/1030 Delta SH was subsequently evaluated in 44 infants 1-2 months old. These vaccine candidates share 4 attenuating genetic elements and differ only in a missense mutation (1030) in the polymerase gene. Results Both vaccines were highly attenuated in adults and RSV-seropositive children and were well tolerated and immunogenic in RSV-seronegative children. Compared with that of rA2cp248/404 Delta SH, replication of rA2cp248/404/1030 Delta SH was restricted in RSV-seronegative children (mean peak titer, 10(4.3) vs. 10(2.5) plaque-forming units [pfu]/mL), indicating that the 1030 mutation had a potent attenuating effect. Although rA2cp248/404/1030 Delta SH was well tolerated in infants, only 44% of infants who received two 10(5.3)-pfu doses of vaccine had detectable antibody responses. However, replication after administration of the second dose was highly restricted, indicating that protective immunity was induced. At least 4 of 5 attenuating genetic elements were retained in recovered vaccine viruses. Conclusions rA2cp248/404/1030 Delta SH is the first RSV vaccine candidate to be sufficiently attenuated in young infants. Additional studies are needed to determine whether rA2cp248/404/1030 Delta SH can induce protective immunity against wild-type RSV.
279Â citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that PNCRM7 vaccine was safe and immunogenic and when this vaccine was administered concurrently at the booster dose with DTaP and HbOC vaccines, lower antibody titers were noted for some of the antigens when compared with the antibody response when PNC RM7 was given separately.
Abstract: Objectives.The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate (PNCRM7) vaccine in infants and (2) to determine the effect of concurrent hepatitis B immunization during the primary series and the effect of concurrent diphtheri
277Â citations
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TL;DR: In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) as discussed by the authors, the authors used the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data.
5,792Â citations
TL;DR: The findings show that the interventions needed to achieve the millennium development goal of reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015 are available, but that they are not being delivered to the mothers and children who need them.
2,430Â citations
Public Health Foundation of India1, University of Edinburgh2, Kenya Medical Research Institute3, University of Warwick4, University of Liverpool5, University of the Witwatersrand6, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium7, Johns Hopkins University8, International Military Sports Council9, University of Barcelona10, Dartmouth College11, Padjadjaran University12, University of Colorado Denver13, University of Split14
TL;DR: Mortality data suggest that RSV is an important cause of death in childhood from ALRI, after pneumococcal pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae type b, and the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies should be accelerated as a priority.
2,317Â citations
TL;DR: The Wyeth Lederle as discussed by the authors determined the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the CRM197 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes and to determine the effectiveness of this vaccine against clinical episodes of otitis media.
Abstract: Objective.To determine the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the heptavalent CRM197 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes and to determine the effectiveness of this vaccine against clinical episodes of otitis media.Methods.The Wyeth Lederle
2,204Â citations
TL;DR: The burden of pneumococcal pneumonia is measured by applying the proportion of pneumonia cases caused by S pneumoniae derived from efficacy estimates from vaccine trials to WHO country-specific estimates of all-cause pneumonia cases and deaths, using disease incidence and case-fatality data from a systematic literature review.
2,192Â citations