Jin Quan Goh

Bio: Jin Quan Goh is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Surgical instrument & Interlock. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 4 publications receiving 19 citations.

Needle Insertion Forces Studies for Optimal Surgical Modeling

Abstract: Needle insertion for minimally invasive surgery is a technique explored and studied in order to adhere to the strict regulatory requirement for medical device development. While the instruments and techniques determine the success of every surgical procedure, minimal attention was given to the medium, the interaction force for testing, the development tools and surgical techniques. In this paper, we present the interaction forces involve during the needle insertion into porcine back tissue and simulated flesh-like tissue, independently measured by a testing setup developed for this purpose. The experimental setup and test procedure provides an understanding on the mechanics of needle insertion, potentially aid the design improvement on surgical instrument. Investigation on the composition of the force components helps to define the bio-mechanical properties of back abdomen tissue upon insertion. These forces comprises of stiffness, friction and cutting force. These results estimate the true insertion depth of the needle in the tissue. Needle insertion forces were measured for gelatine analogues developed to model the consistency of the tissues in the lumbar region of the back. This study was the first step in developing a force feedback controlled surgical instrument for needle insertion which will be used in kidney surgical operation.

Needle Deflection Studies for Optimal Insertion Modeling

Abstract: —Needle insertion for minimally invasive surgery is a technique explored and studied for percutaneous procedure, diagnosis, localized therapeutic drug delivery, and Biopsy. While the instruments and techniques determine the success of every surgical procedure, minimal attention was given to the medium, the interaction between the tissue and the needle, the development tools and surgical techniques. This paper addresses the interaction by studying the needle deflection during the insertion into porcine back tissue and simulated flesh-like tissue. A customized testing setup is developed to measure and quantify these interactions. The needle deflection magnitude and its insertion characteristics were measured and correlated to define the bio-mechanical properties of back abdomen tissue upon insertion. Needle deflections were measured for gelatine analogues developed to model the consistency of the tissues in the lumbar region of the back. This study was the first step in developing a deflection feedback controlled surgical instrument which enable the needle to reach its intended target in the percutaneous operation. The experimental setup and test procedure provides an understanding on the mechanics of needle insertion, potentially aid the design improvement on surgical instrument.

A model of optimising the needle insertion through deflection studies

Abstract: Needle insertion for minimally-invasive surgery is a technique explored and studied for percutaneous procedure, diagnosis, localised therapeutic drug-delivery, and biopsy. While the instruments and techniques determine the success of every surgical procedure, minimal attention was given to the medium, interaction between tissue and needle, development tools and surgical techniques. This paper addresses the interaction by studying the needle deflection during insertion into porcine back tissue and simulated flesh-like tissue (gelatine). A customised testing set-up measures and quantifies these interactions. Needle deflection magnitude and insertion forces were measured and correlated to define the bio-mechanical properties of back abdomen tissue. Needle deflections were measured for gelatine analogues developed to model consistency of the tissues in the back lumbar region. Mathematical two-dimensional (2D) force-model was developed to provide understanding on the mechanics of needle insertion. This study was the first-step in developing a deflection feedback controlled surgical instrument in the needle-assisted percutaneous operation.

System and method for guiding tool

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system and device for guiding a toolSOLUTION: A device 202 includes: a body; a holding member connected to the body and holding a tool 206; and one or more operation member(s) which cause(s) an operation of the holding member and configured such that an operation of the holding member can cause rotations 214, 216 of the tool about a pivot point 208 outside of the device The holding member is preferably configured to interlock with a compliance device, in which the compliance device can hold the toolSELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2(a)

Spinal needle force monitoring during lumbar puncture using fiber Bragg grating force device

Abstract: A technique for real-time dynamic monitoring of force experienced by a spinal needle during lumbar puncture using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is presented. The proposed FBG force device (FBGFD) evaluates the compressive force on the spinal needle during lumbar puncture, particularly avoiding the bending effect on the needle. The working principle of the FBGFD is based on transduction of force experienced by the spinal needle into strain variations monitored by the FBG sensor. FBGFD facilitates external mounting of a spinal needle for its smooth insertion during lumbar puncture without any intervention. The developed FBGFD assists study and analysis of the force required for the spinal needle to penetrate various tissue layers from skin to the epidural space; this force is indicative of the varied resistance offered by different tissue layers for the spinal needle traversal. Calibration of FBGFD is performed on a micro-universal testing machine for 0 to 20 N range with an obtained resolution of 0.021 N. The experimental trials using spinal needles mounted on FBGFD are carried out on a human cadaver specimen with punctures made in the lumbar region from different directions. Distinct forces are recorded when the needle encounters skin, muscle tissue, and a bone in its traversing path. Real-time spinal needle force monitoring using FBGFD may reduce potentially serious complications during the lumbar puncture, such as overpuncturing of tissue regions, by impeding the spinal needle insertion at epidural space.

Haptic Feedback in Needle Insertion Modeling and Simulation

Abstract: Needle insertion is the most basic skill in medical care, and training has to be imparted not only for physicians but also for nurses and paramedics In most needle insertion procedures, haptic feedback from the needle is the main stimulus in which novices need training For better patient safety, the classical methods of training the haptic skills have to be replaced with simulators based on new robotic and graphics technologies This paper reviews the current advances in needle insertion modeling, classified into three sections: needle insertion models, tissue deformation models, and needle–tissue interaction models Although understated in the literature, the classical and dynamic friction models, which are critical for needle insertion modeling, are also discussed The experimental setup or the needle simulators that have been developed to validate the models are described The need of psychophysics for needle simulators and psychophysical parameter analysis of human perception in needle insertion are discussed, which are completely ignored in the literature

Fiber-Optic Distributed Strain Sensing Needle for Real-Time Guidance in Epidural Anesthesia

Abstract: Epidural anesthesia is a pain relief treatment mainly used for pregnant women during delivery The procedure is described as an injection of anesthetic fluid into an epidural space using a hemodynamic Tuohy needle The correct identification of epidural space is crucial for successful anesthesia, but due to the blindness of the procedure, the existing methods can fail with potentially severe consequences for patients Since the tissue preceding the epidural space has high density, the strain significantly changes when the needle reaches the proximity of the epidural space, and this change can be used as an indicator Distributed fiber optic sensors, working with an optical backscatter reflectometer, can improve the scenario by measuring the strain along each section of the epidural needle This work goes beyond the epidural space identification: distributed strain data detect strain events leading to a potential failure to reach the epidural space before the procedure is finalized The experiments have shown that the penetrations along different paths (with different speeds, with misalignment, and with rotation) result in different strain patterns The proposed method has been validated on phantoms reproducing the epidural space, in different insertion conditions

Needle deflection and tissue sampling length in needle biopsy.

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of needle tip geometry on the needle deflection and tissue sampling length in biopsy. Advances in medical imaging have allowed the identification of suspicious cancerous lesions which then require needle biopsy for tissue sampling and subsequent confirmatory pathological analysis. Precise needle insertion and adequate tissue sampling are essential for accurate cancer diagnosis and individualized treatment decisions. However, the single-bevel needles in current hand-held biopsy devices often deflect significantly during needle insertion, causing variance in the targeted and actual locations of the sampled tissue. This variance can lead to inaccurate sampling and false-negative results. There is also a limited understanding of factors affecting the tissue sampling length which is a critical component of accurate cancer diagnosis. This study compares the needle deflection and tissue sampling length between the existing single-bevel and exploratory multi-bevel needle tip geometries. A coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element analysis was applied to understand the needle-tissue interaction during needle insertion. The needle deflection and tissue sampling length were experimentally studied using tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex-vivo tissue, respectively. This study reveals that the tissue separation location at the needle tip affects both needle deflection and tissue sampling length. By varying the tissue separation location and creating a multi-bevel needle tip geometry, the bending moments induced by the insertion forces can be altered to reduce the needle deflection. However, the tissue separation location also affects the tissue contact inside the needle groove, potentially reducing the tissue sampling length. A multi-bevel needle tip geometry with the tissue separation point below the needle groove face may reduce the needle deflection while maintaining a long tissue sampling length. Results from this study can guide needle tip design to enable the precise needle deployment and adequate tissue sampling for the needle biopsy procedures.

Experimental evaluation of a self-propelling bio-inspired needle in single- and multi-layered phantoms.

Abstract: In percutaneous interventions, reaching targets located deep inside the body with minimal tissue damage and patient pain requires the use of long and thin needles. However, when pushed through a solid substrate, a structure with a high aspect ratio is prone to buckle. We developed a series of multi-element needles with a diameter smaller than 1 mm and a length larger than 200 mm, and we experimentally evaluated the performance of a bio-inspired insertion mechanism that prevents needle buckling of such slender structures. The needles consisted of Nitinol wires and advance into a substrate by pushing the wires forward one after the other, followed by pulling all the wires simultaneously backward. The resulting net push force is low, allowing the needles to self-propel through the substrate. We investigated the effect of the needle design parameters (number of wires and their diameter) and substrate characteristics (stiffness and number of layers) on the needle motion. Three needle prototypes (consisting of six 0.25-mm wires, six 0.125-mm wires, and three 0.25-mm wires, respectively) were inserted into single- and multi-layered tissue-mimicking phantoms. The prototypes were able to move forward in all phantoms without buckling. The amount of needle slip with respect to the phantom was used to assess the performance of the prototypes. The six-wire 0.25-mm prototype exhibited the least slip among the three prototypes. Summarizing, we showed that a bio-inspired motion mechanism prevents buckling in very thin (diameter 200 mm) needles, allowing deep insertion into tissue-mimicking phantoms.