[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Because of the remarkably high theoretical energy output, metal–air batteries represent one class of promising power sources for applications in next-generation electronics, electrified transportation and energy storage of smart grids. The most prominent feature of a metal–air battery is the combination of a metal anode with high energy density and an air electrode with open structure to draw cathode active materials (i.e., oxygen) from air. In this critical review, we present the fundamentals and recent advances related to the fields of metal–air batteries, with a focus on the electrochemistry and materials chemistry of air electrodes. The battery electrochemistry and catalytic mechanism of oxygen reduction reactions are discussed on the basis of aqueous and organic electrolytes. Four groups of extensively studied catalysts for the cathode oxygen reduction/evolution are selectively surveyed from materials chemistry to electrode properties and battery application: Pt and Pt-based alloys (e.g., PtAu nanoparticles), carbonaceous materials (e.g., graphene nanosheets), transition-metal oxides (e.g., Mn-based spinels and perovskites), and inorganic–organic composites (e.g., metal macrocycle derivatives). The design and optimization of air-electrode structure are also outlined. Furthermore, remarks on the challenges and perspectives of research directions are proposed for further development of metal–air batteries (219 references).

Metal–air batteries: from oxygen reduction electrochemistry to cathode catalysts

In recent years the outbreak of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases has been a significant burden on global economies and public health. The growth of population and urbanization along with poor water supply and environmental hygiene are the main reasons for the increase in outbreak of infectious pathogens. Transmission of infectious pathogens to the community has caused outbreaks of diseases such as influenza (A/H5N1), diarrhea (Escherichia coli), cholera (Vibrio cholera), etc throughout the world. The comprehensive treatments of environments containing infectious pathogens using advanced disinfectant nanomaterials have been proposed for prevention of the outbreaks. Among these nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with unique properties of high antimicrobial activity have attracted much interest from scientists and technologists to develop nanosilver-based disinfectant products. This article aims to review the synthesis routes and antimicrobial effects of Ag-NPs against various pathogens including bacteria, fungi and virus. Toxicology considerations of Ag-NPs to humans and ecology are discussed in detail. Some current applications of Ag-NPs in water-, air- and surface- disinfection are described. Finally, future prospects of Ag-NPs for treatment and prevention of currently emerging infections are discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2043-6262/4/3/033001/pdf

Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, toxicology, applications and perspectives

Nanomedicine Applications of Hybrid Nanomaterials Built from Metal-Ligand Coordination Bonds: Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks and Nanoscale Coordination Polymers.

A matter of life and death.

Comparison of bactericidal activities of silver nanoparticles with common chemical disinfectants.

Oxygen reduction at sol–gel derived La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3 cathodes

Recent outbreaks of bacterial infection leading to human fatalities have been a motivational force for us to develop antibacterial agents with high potency and long-term stability. A novel cobalt (Co) based metal-organic framework (MOF) was tested and shown to be highly effective at inactivating model microorganisms. Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (strains DH5alpha and XL1Blue) were selected to determine the antibacterial activities of the Co MOF. In this MOF, the Co serves as a central element and an octa-topic carboxylate ligand, tetrakis [(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-oxamethyl] methane (TDM 8− ) serves as a bridging linker. X-ray crystallographic studies indicate that Co-TDM crystallizes in tetragonal space group P4 21m with a porous 3D framework. The potency of the Co-TDM disinfectant was evaluated using a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) benchmark and was determined to be 10–15 ppm within a short incubation time period ( 4 weeks). This MOF-based approach may lead to a new paradigm for MOF applications in diverse biological fields due to their inherent porous structure, tunable surface functional groups, and adjustable metal coordination environments.

Jingbo Liu

Papers

Comparison of bactericidal activities of silver nanoparticles with common chemical disinfectants.

Oxygen reduction at sol–gel derived La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3 cathodes

Highly Potent Bactericidal Activity of Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks

Nanocharacterization and bactericidal performance of silver modified titania photocatalyst.

Feasible conversion of solid waste bauxite tailings into highly crystalline 4A zeolite with valuable application