Jitendra Kumar

Bio: Jitendra Kumar is an academic researcher from National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fault (power engineering) & Fault detection and isolation. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 26 publications receiving 210 citations. Previous affiliations of Jitendra Kumar include National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra & Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani - Goa.

ACPTDF for Multi-transactions and ATC Determination in Deregulated Markets

Abstract: —Available transfer capability in the transmission network has become essential quantity to be declared well in advance for its commercial use in a competitive electricity market. Its fast computation using DC load flow based approach is used worldwide for on line implementation. Many authors have proposed the ATC calculation based on DC/AC load flow approach. In this paper, AC PTDF based approach has been proposed for multi-transaction cases using power transfer sensitivity and Jacobian calculated with three different methods. The methods can be implemented for any number of transactions occurring simultaneously. The results have been determined for intact and line contingency cases taking multi-transaction/simultaneous as well as single transaction cases. The main contributions of the paper are: (i) ATC determination for multi-transactions environment, (ii) ATC determination and comparison with three approaches of PTDF calculations, (iii) LODFs with line contingency cases for multi-transaction environment and thereby ATC determination. The results have also been obtained with DC method for comparison. The proposed method have been applied for IEEE 24 bus RTS. Keywords: Available transfer capability, AC load flow, AC power transfer distribution factors , line outage contingency, line outage distribution factors, multi-transactions, simultaneous transactions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v1i1.61 Full Text: PDF

Solution to Fault Detection During Power Swing Using Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator

Abstract: The selectivity property of distance relay is affected due to the operation of power swing blocking element which is used to prevent the false tripping imposed by power swing. Therefore, the fault detection algorithm is required to overcome such type of problems. Further, the fault detection during power swing for a series-compensated line is more challenging as the metal oxide varistor protecting the series capacitor imposes other frequency components and adds transients in the voltage and current signals. To resolve such protection challenges, this paper proposes an integrated approach for fault detection, which is based on Teager–Kaiser energy operators of instantaneous zero sequence voltage (Scheme 1) and phasor of negative sequence current (Scheme 2). Instantaneous zero sequence voltage appears only for unsymmetrical ground faults, and it is not affected by current transformer saturation. Other types of faults such as symmetrical, line-to-line faults are detected by Scheme 2, which is immune to capacitor coupling voltage transformer transients. However, both the schemes cover all fault scenarios. The main advantage of proposed scheme is that it is independent of the threshold. It is also not influenced by voltage and current inversions imposed by series capacitor and can detect the fault within 3 ms. The proposed scheme is validated using voltage and current data obtained by simulating 400 kV, 50 Hz, 9-bus multi-machine system using PSCAD/EMTDC. Further, to validate the proposed scheme in real time, the experiments are also carried out on real-time digital simulator.

Fault Detection During Power Swing in a TCSC-Compensated Transmission Line Based on Clark’s Transform and Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator

Abstract: Fault detection during power swing is a critical task as relays remain blocked leaving the system unprotected. Power swing in general is symmetrical, but asymmetrical power swing occurs during single-phase auto-reclosing operation. Both the power swings severely affect the fault detection schemes. Fault detection gets further complicated when transmission lines are compensated by thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC). To protect the power network during power swing blocker operation under aforementioned circumstances, a sample-based technique using Clark’s transform and Teager–Kaiser energy operator is proposed. This technique is capable of detecting faults during symmetrical and asymmetrical power swings in transmission line with or without TCSC compensation. The proposed method has been validated by thorough mathematical analysis and simulation studies for various cases of fault during power swing.

Electrical Power and Energy Systems

Abstract: A directional control method (DCM) for power flows on a set of interface lines between two regions of power system considering static voltage stability margin is developed in this paper. A surface approximation approach is firstly used to obtain the relationship between the interface flow solution and the generation direction of generator (the portion of generation variation in each participating generator to satisfy the desired power increase on the interface and the system loss). Then, an optimization model is built to determine the optimum dispatching scheme of generators. This method not only can control the total power on the interface to satisfy the power demand but also can realize the directional control of power on each interface line based on the needs of operation. The proposed DCM is further extended to determine the optimum dispatching scheme of generators for maximizing the interface flow margin (IFM), which is the active power margin of the key transmission lines between two regions of power system constrained by static voltage stability. A modified continuation power flow (MCPF) is used to show and evaluate the impacts of the DCM on the IFM. The New England 39-bus system and the IEEE 300-bus system have been employed to verify the effectiveness of the DCM.

A comprehensive state of the art literature survey on LFC mechanism for power system

Abstract: Over the past few decades, many publications have been made in the area of Load frequency control (LFC) of interconnected power systems. Load frequency control is necessary to develop better control in order to achieve less effect on the frequency and tie line power deviations after a load perturbation. However, number of control strategies has been employed in the design of load frequency controllers in order to achieve a better dynamic response and the exact choice of the LFC controller in a particular case requires sufficient expertise because each controller has its own merits and demerits. Due to this, an appropriate review of load frequency control (LFC) mechanism is essential and a few attempts have been made in this concern. This paper presents a detailed survey on load frequency control (LFC) mechanism. The overall study explores the depth study issues related to LFC mechanism based on different sources of power system models. This paper focused on different control techniques of LFC, which also includes all the recent application of FACTS devices. This review reveals the investigation of soft computing based optimization technique and application of Energy Storage System (ESS) and HVDC-link in LFC. These studies also illustrates conventional power system, deregulated of power environment as well as distributed generation and micro grids. This paper is designed in order to highlight the major traits of Load forecasting and some critical case studies on LFC.

Optimal sizing and sitting of DG with load models using soft computing techniques in practical distribution system

Abstract: In the deregulated power market environment, distributed generation (DG) is an effective approach to manage performance, operation and control of the distribution system. Methods available in the literature for DG planning are often not able to simultaneously provide technical and economical benefits. Therefore an effective methodology is developed to improve the technical as well as economical benefits as compared with the existing approaches. This study reports the optimal installation of multi-DG in the standard 33-bus, 69-bus radial distribution systems and 54-bus practical radial distribution system. Several performance evaluation indices such as active and reactive power loss indices, voltage deviation index, reliability index and shift factor indices are used to develop a novel multi-objective function (MOF). A new set of equations is developed for representing different practical load models. A novel MOF has been solved to find optimal sizing and placement of DGs using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimisation technique. The comparative result analysis is also discussed for both techniques. The result analysis reveals that system losses, energy not supplied, system MVA intakes are reduced, whereas available transfer capability, voltage profile, reliability and cost benefits are improved for the case with-DGs in the distribution system.