Joana Jaureguizar

Bio: Joana Jaureguizar is an academic researcher from University of the Basque Country. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poison control & Childhood Depression. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 34 publications receiving 634 citations.

Child and Adolescent Depression: A Review of Theories, Evaluation Instruments, Prevention Programs, and Treatments.

Abstract: Depression is the principal cause of illness and disability in the world. Studies charting the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents report high percentages of youngsters in both groups with depressive symptoms. This review analyzes the construct and explanatory theories of depression and offers a succinct overview of the main evaluation instruments used to measure this disorder in children and adolescents, as well as the prevention programs developed for the school environment and the different types of clinical treatment provided. The analysis reveals that in mental classifications, the child depression construct is no different from the adult one, and that multiple explanatory theories must be taken into account in order to arrive at a full understanding of depression. Consequently, both treatment and prevention should also be multifactorial in nature. Although universal programs may be more appropriate due to their broad scope of application, the results are inconclusive and fail to demonstrate any solid long-term efficacy. In conclusion, we can state that: (1) There are biological factors (such as tryptophan—a building block for serotonin-depletion, for example) which strongly influence the appearance of depressive disorders; (2) Currently, negative interpersonal relations and relations with one's environment, coupled with social-cultural changes, may explain the increase observed in the prevalence of depression; (3) Many instruments can be used to evaluate depression, but it is necessary to continue to adapt tests for diagnosing the condition at an early age; (4) Prevention programs should be developed for and implemented at an early age; and (5) The majority of treatments are becoming increasingly rigorous and effective. Given that initial manifestations of depression may occur from a very early age, further and more in-depth research is required into the biological, psychological and social factors that, in an interrelated manner, may explain the appearance, development and treatment of depression.

Child-to-parent violence: Profile of abusive adolescents and their families

Abstract: This study focused on parent abuse (PA), also known as child-to-parent violence. The main aim was to examine the psychological and family characteristics of adolescents who physically and/or verbally abuse their parents, and to study gender differences of perpetrators and victims of aggression. The authors analyzed the judicial proceedings of 103 adolescents in the court of Bilbao (Spain). These adolescents were divided into three groups: those with charges of PA, those with charges of PA and other kinds of charges (PA+), and those with only other types of charges (NotPA). Results showed a specific profile of adolescents who abused their parents (PA) (lower self-esteem and empathy, and more disciplinary problems at school), as well as differential characteristics of these families (economic situation and the type of household). Finally, the relation between this phenomenon and gender violence was discussed in detail.

Risk Factors for Child-to-Parent Violence

Abstract: One of the goals of the present work was to study the relationship between child-to-parent violence (CPV) and other types of intra-family violence such as inter-parental violence and parent-to-child violence, in order to verify which of these two types of domestic violence is a more relevant risk factor for CPV and to analyze the presence of gender differences in the bi-directionality of violence. Another purpose was to identify the psychological profile of perpetrators. The sample comprised 485 adolescents from the province of Gipuzkoa (Spain), of both sexes, taken from nine schools and aged 12 to 18. Parent-to-child violence and inter-parental violence were significant risk factors for CPV. Evidence was found in support of a social learning taking into account gender: boys were more likely to be physically aggressive toward the mother if she was also physically victimized by the father. Differences were found in the profiles of adolescents who behave violently toward their parents (inappropriate upbringing by mother, social maladjustment, and drug abuse) depending on gender.

Violent and Prosocial Behavior by Adolescents toward Parents and Teachers in a Community Sample.

Abstract: This study focused on violent and prosocial behaviors by adolescents toward parents and teachers, and the relation between such behaviors and adolescents' perceptions about the family and school environment. Gender differences in child-to-parent violence and student-to-teacher violence were also studied. The sample comprised 687 adolescents from secondary schools in the province of Gipuzkoa, Spain, aged between 12 and 16 years. Participants responded to the relationship domains of the Family Environment Scale and the Classroom Environment Scale, among other instruments. A positive family relationship was related to less violent and more prosocial behavior toward parents. However, a positive classroom relationship was associated only with more prosocial behavior toward teachers. The results show that criminal and antisocial behaviors had a mediating influence on the relation between family and school relationships and violence against authority. The implications for intervention and prevention programs are discussed. Language: en

¿Hasta qué punto la violencia filio-parental es bidireccional?

Abstract: Title: To what extent is child-to-parent violence bi-directional?. Abstract: Child-to-parent violence is a family problem that has remained obscured for decades. The main purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in victims and perpetrators of child-to-parent violence. The importance of intra-family violence in the development of this type of violent behavior was also studied. The sample comprised 485 adolescents from the province of Gipuzkoa (Spain), of both sexes, taken from 9 schools and aged 12 to 18. As found in many previous studies, sons were more likely to be perpetrators of physical abuse than daughters. Although mothers suffered more psychological and emotional abuse than fathers, there were no differences between mothers and fathers with regard to physical abuse from their children. The hypothesis of the bi-directionality of violence was confirmed for physical violence in the male group that battered their parents. Similarly, marital violence (violence between par- ents) was a predictor of the three types of child-to-parent abusive behav- iours (physical, psychological and emotional) for the male group. Moreo- ver, we found three psychological variables in adolescents (drug abuse, self-esteem and anxiety) that emerged as predictors of child-to-parent

Media Review: Books: Attachment and Loss, Separation: Anxiety and Anger

Abstract: ordinary schools, any neighborhood or city or setting where windows are barred, where people are in fear, where each man seeks his escape (as each may find his escape in terms that are not always happy or healthy). He admits that he is more helpful on analysis than solution. He raises a lot of serious questions. If any progress is going to be made in the humanization of the mentally retarded, it will come not from devising new answers to old questions but rather from asking a whole new set of questions, for example:

Behavioral Activation for Depression: A Clinician's Guide

Abstract: Introduction: The Development of Behavioral Activation. The Core Principles of Behavioral Activation. The Structure and Style of Therapy. Identifying the Ingredients of the Behavioral Antidepressant. Activity Scheduling and Structuring. Solving Problems and Countering Avoidance. How Thinking Can Be Problematic Behavior. Troubleshooting Problems with Activation. Tying it All Together: Relapse Prevention and Beyond. Appendix 1: Charts and Worksheets for Depressed Clients. Appendix 2: Notebook and Weekly Therapy Plan. Appendix 3: Notebook and Posttherapy Plan. Appendix 4: ACTIVATE Reference Sheet for Therapists.