A detailed review of the education sector in Australia as in the data provided by the 2006 edition of the OECD's annual publication, 'Education at a Glance' is presented. While the data has shown that in almost all OECD countries educational attainment levels are on the rise, with countries showing impressive gains in university qualifications, it also reveals that a large of share of young people still do not complete secondary school, which remains a baseline for successful entry into the labour market.

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Education at a Glance

[249] En este ensayo, Paul Collier, profesor de economia y politicas publicas de la Universidad de Oxford, analiza la actualidad del fenomeno migratorio junto a sus desafios presentes y futuros. El trabajo esta centrado en la migracion proveniente de los paises en desarrollo hacia los paises desarrollados, pero aborda tambien los flujos en direccion norte-norte, sur-sur y norte-sur. Desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, enriquecida por las aportaciones de campos como la neuroeconomia, el autor analiza la distancia entre realidad e ideologia en torno a las migraciones. Intenta para ello romper con los prejuicios y las creencias mas difundidas sobre el fenomeno, al tiempo que supera los tabues y aborda los temas silenciados en relacion con la movilidad humana. A partir de una amplia bibliografia y de recientes datos estadisticos sobre el tema, Collier trasciende el debate acerca de si la migracion es buena o mala para los paises de origen y recepcion y se centra en otros elementos de creciente interes: ?Cuanta migracion es buena para las sociedades receptoras y de expulsion?, ?cuales son las mejores estrategias a disposicion para hacer de la migracion un proyecto exitoso para todos? Su trabajo analiza a este respecto las consecuencias de caracter economico, social y politico en las sociedades receptoras y colma uno de los vacios existentes Exodus: How Migration is Changing Our World

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Exodus: How Migration is Changing Our World

We develop a dynamic model of the world economy that jointly endogenizes individual decisions about fertility, education and migration. We then use it to compare the short- and long-term effects of immigration restrictions on the world distribution of income. Our calibration strategy replicates the economic and demographic characteristics of the world, and allows us to proxy bilateral migration costs and visa costs for two classes of workers and for each pair of countries. In our benchmark simulations, the world average level of income per worker increases by 12% in the short term and by approximately 52% after one century. These results are highly robust to our identifying strategy and technological assumptions. Sizable differences are obtained when our baseline (pre-liberalization) trajectory involves a rapid income convergence between countries or when we adjust visa costs for a possible upward bias. Our quantitative analysis reveals that the effects of liberalizing migration on human capital accumulation and income are gradual and cumulative. Whatever is the size of the short-term gain, the long-run impact is 4 to 5 times greater (except under a rapid convergence in income).

/pdf/globalizing-labor-and-the-world-economy-the-role-of-human-26nrszfyep.pdf

Globalizing labor and the world economy: the role of human capital

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/185264/1/dp11804.pdf

Geography of skills and global inequality

In this article, we investigate the effects of a massive displacement of workers from a war‐torn economy on the economy of a neighbouring country. Applying a general equilibrium approach to the Lebanese economy, we explore effects from various components of the crisis on the labour market, the production apparatus and macroeconomic indicators. Along with previous literature, our findings suggest limited or no adverse effects on high‐skilled native workers, but a negative impact on the most vulnerable Lebanese workers. When aid takes the form of investment subsidies, significantly better growth and labour market prospects arise, recalling the necessity of complementing humanitarian aid with development aid to succeed in achieving long‐term objectives. This may however not be politically viable in a context where refugees are considered as temporary.

The economics of the Syrian refugee crisis in neighbouring countries: The case of Lebanon

High-skilled workers are four times more likely to migrate than low-skilled workers This skill bias in migration  often called brain drain  has been at the center of a heated debate about the welfare consequences of emigration from developing countries In this paper, we provide a global perspective on the brain drain by jointly quantifying its impact on the sending and receiving countries In a calibrated multi-country model, we compare the current world to a counterfactual with the same number of migrants, but those migrants are randomly selected from their country of origin We find that the skill bias in migration significantly increases welfare in most receiving countries Moreover, due to a more efficient global allocation of talent, the global welfare effect is positive, albeit some sending countries lose Overall, our findings suggest that more  not less  high-skilled migration would increase world welfare

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/147961/1/dp10275.pdf

The gain from the drain: skill-biased migration and global welfare

Remittances have been increasingly perceived as offering a vital lifeline for millions of poor households in developing countries. Their future will be affected by the evolution of emigration rates and cross-country disparities in income. In this paper, we provide integrated projections of income, population, migration stocks and remittances for the 21st century under alternative technological and policy scenarios. Our quantitative analysis reveals that remittances will be a sustainable source of funding for low-income countries. Due to rising income disparities and the take-off of emerging countries, their share in GDP is likely to increase in the future, notwithstanding the fact that population growth will be greater in low-income countries. The average remittances-to-GDP ratio will be constant in our worst-case scenario, multiplied by 3 in our baseline, and by 10 in our best-case scenario. The latter assumes that the BRIC’s catch up with high-income countries and open their borders to immigration, and a constant propensity to remit.

Remittance and Migration Prospects for the Twenty-First Century

PO RT A N T LA R EF ER EN C E «A N R10 -L A BX -1 401 » Abstract Remittances have been increasingly perceived as offering a vital lifeline for millions of poor households in developing countries. Their future will be affected by the evolution of emigration rates and cross-country disparities in income. In this paper, we provide integrated projections of income, population, migration stocks and remittances for the 21st century under alternative technological and policy scenarios. Our quantitative analysis reveals that remittances will be a sustainable source of funding for low-income countries. Due to rising income disparities and the take-off of emerging countries, their share in GDP is likely to increase in the future, notwithstanding the fact that population growth will be greater in low-income countries. The average remittances-to-GDP ratio will be constant in our worst-case scenario, multiplied by 3 in our baseline, and by 10 in our best-case scenario. The latter assumes that the BRIC’s catch up with high-income countries and open their borders to immigration, and a constant propensity to remit.

Remittances and migration prospects for the 21st century

Ce numero de Regards Economiques discute les enjeux economiques potentiels lies a l'arrivee de demandeurs d'asile syriens et irakiens pour l'economie belge. Si des couts d'ajustement peuvent etre observes a court terme, cette crise de l'asile peut etre transformee a moyen terme en opportunite pour notre pays. Il va de notre interet commun de tout mettre en œuvre pour faciliter l'integration economique et sociale de ces nouveaux demandeurs d'asile et refugies

Joël Machado Carneiro

Papers

The gain from the drain: skill-biased migration and global welfare

Remittance and Migration Prospects for the Twenty-First Century

Remittances and migration prospects for the 21st century

Crise des réfugiés : quelques clarifications s'imposent !

REVENU, POPULATION ET FLUX MIGRATOIRES AU 21ème SIÈCLE: UN DÉFI SOCIÉTAL POUR L’ EUROPE