Joëlle Lighezzolo-Alnot

Bio: Joëlle Lighezzolo-Alnot is an academic researcher from University of Lorraine. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Welfare. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 50 publications receiving 274 citations. Previous affiliations of Joëlle Lighezzolo-Alnot include Metz.

Statistical trends of episiotomy around the world: Comparative systematic review of changing practices.

Abstract: The authors' purpose for this article is to identify, review and interpret all publications about the episiotomy rates worldwide. Based on the criteria from the PRISMA guidelines, twenty databases were scrutinized. All studies which include national statistics related to episiotomy were selected, as well as studies presenting estimated data. Sixty-one papers were selected with publication dates between 1995 and 2016. A static and dynamic analysis of all the results was carried out. The assumption for the decline in the number of episiotomies is discussed and confirmed, recalling that nowadays high rates of episiotomy remain in less industrialized countries and East Asia. Finally, our analysis aims to investigate the potential determinants which influence apparent statistical disparities.

An Accumulation of Negative Life Events and the Construction of Alexithymia: A Longitudinal and Clinical Approach

Abstract: We began the study with a theoretical comparison of the concepts of alexithymia and operative thought in terms of etiology as well as with a specific approach to comparing the concepts using the Rorschach Inkblot Method (Rorschach, 1921) with both Exner's (1986) Comprehensive System and the Parisian School (Chabert, 1983, 1987; Rausch de Traubenburg, 2000) methods of coding and interpretation. We then present a longitudinal clinical study of a woman suffering perinatal depression starting at 8 months gestation until 34 months postpartum. The case shows how an accumulation of stressful and traumatic life events in the early perinatal period generates a reactive, structured alexithymia. This psychic process transforms an initial acceptance of therapy into a refusal to engage in a therapeutic alliance along with persistent depressive symptoms, impaired quality of life, and maladaptive coping strategies.

Factors related to episiotomy practice: an evidence-based medicine systematic review.

Abstract: Episiotomy practice is influenced by many factors studied in the scientific literature. Evidence-based medicine has isolated many factors that are linked to episiotomy practice, thus creating a need to group all these factors to create a relevant and useful database for scientific research. Based on the PRISMA methodology, the authors conducted a systematic literature review with the aim of covering this very need. Using 12 French and English combinations of relevant keywords, 15 databases containing publications published between 2008 and 2018 were evaluated. A total of 63 articles were identified, grouped and categorised into four main themes in the results section: (1) Individual and clinical factors related to the mother, (2) individual and clinical factors related to the child, (3) technical factors, and (4) organisation of health care and professional factors (institutional, organisational, personal and professional factors). These factors are then presented in terms of their impact on the practice of episiotomy. Then the future implications of this study on scientific research and clinical practice are discussed.

L’ADI-R et l’ADOS face au diagnostic différentiel des troubles du spectre autistique : intérêts, limites et ouvertures

Abstract: Resume Introduction Les evolutions actuelles en sante publique amenent les autorites qualifiees a proposer, dans leurs recommandations de bonne pratique pour l’evaluation et le diagnostic des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA), des procedures qui s’appuient sur l’utilisation de l’Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) et l’Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) consideres comme un « gold standard ». Cependant, la problematique du diagnostic differentiel reste pregnante dans la pratique clinique. Objectifs Notre objectif vise a souligner et nuancer les qualites metrologiques de l’ADI-R et de l’ADOS concernant le diagnostic differentiel des troubles autistiques, en proposant une synthese des etudes recentes pour soutenir l’interet de maintenir ouverte une reflexion sur les modalites diagnostiques. Methode Notre revue selective de la litterature recente met en avant les etudes qui confrontent l’ADI-R et l’ADOS, utilises independamment et en combinaison, a diverses problematiques differentielles en clinique adulte et infantile de l’autisme, afin d’en souligner les qualites et les limites. Resultats Les donnees issues de ces outils sont utiles dans le processus diagnostic des troubles du spectre autistique et constituent des preuves diagnostiques solides, a la condition d’une association avec un regard clinique critique. Cependant, ces elements demeurent insuffisants car ces outils manquent de finesse pour l’evaluation des formes autistiques heterogenes et des tableaux cliniques voisins. Conclusions La problematique de diagnostic differentiel reste au premier plan dans la clinique de l’autisme, des lors une formalisation des demarches diagnostiques doit pouvoir rester ouverte et accompagnee d’une demarche clinique creative, en particulier dans les situations complexes peu solubles par les outils diagnostiques classiques.

Midwife-led continuity models versus other models of care for childbearing women.

Abstract: The aim of this bi-monthly column is to highlight Cochrane Systematic Reviews of relevance to pregnancy and childbirth and to stimulate discussion on the relevance and implications of the review for practice. The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organisation that prepares and maintains high quality systematic reviews to help people make well-informed decisions about healthcare and health policy. A systematic review tries to search for, appraise and bring together existing research to answer a specific research quesiton. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) is published monthly online. Residents in countries with a national licence to the Cochrane Libray, including the U.K. and Ireland, can access the Cochrane Library online, free of charge through www.thecochranelibrary.com.

Bubbles: A Technique to Reveal the Use of Information in Recognition Tasks EOA Report

Abstract: Everyday, people flexibly perform different categorizations of common faces, objects and scenes. Intuition and scattered evidence suggest that these categorizations require the use of different visual information from the input. However, there is no unifying method, based on the categorization performance of subjects, that can isolate the information used. To this end, we developed Bubbles, a general technique that can assign the credit of human categorization performance to specific visual information. To illustrate the technique, we applied Bubbles on three categorization tasks (gender, expressive or not and identity) on the same set of faces, with human and ideal observers to compare the features they used.

Genetic Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders and Neuropsychiatric Variation in the General Population

Abstract: Almost all genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can be found in the general population, but the effects of this risk are unclear in people not ascertained for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Using several large ASD consortium and population-based resources (total n > 38,000), we find genome-wide genetic links between ASDs and typical variation in social behavior and adaptive functioning. This finding is evidenced through both LD score correlation and de novo variant analysis, indicating that multiple types of genetic risk for ASDs influence a continuum of behavioral and developmental traits, the severe tail of which can result in diagnosis with an ASD or other neuropsychiatric disorder. A continuum model should inform the design and interpretation of studies of neuropsychiatric disease biology.

Effects of simulated acid rain on phaseolus vulgaris L. (fabaceae)

Abstract: A B S T R A C T Experiments were performed to determine the effects of simulated acid rain on Phaseolus vulgaris L. At pH values below 3, plants exhibited a failure to attain normal height, had necrotic and wrinkled leaves, excessive and adventitious budding, and premature abscission of primary leaves. Histologically, leaves had smaller cells, less intercellular space, and smaller starch granules within the chloroplasts. Respiration rates of the treated plants increased only slightly at low pH values. Apparent rates of photosynthesis, however, increased dramatically. Both carbohydrate production and root biomass were reduced by low pH treatments, and application of Congo red indicator to the acid-treated leaf tissue showed that the cell contents were acidified to a pH of below 4.0.