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Johan Ulin

Bio: Johan Ulin is an academic researcher from Uppsala University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Positron emission tomography & Methyl iodide. The author has an hindex of 16, co-authored 44 publications receiving 913 citations. Previous affiliations of Johan Ulin include General Electric & Hammersmith Hospital.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a [C-11]iodomethane was synthesized by iodination of [C]-methane with iodine, and the reaction was carried out in a system where [C 11] methane, helium and iodine vapours were mixed and heated.

225 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: Positron emission tomography of the brain following intravenous injection of (+) (R) and (−) (S) N-[11C-methyl]nicotine showed a marked reduced uptake of both isomers in Alzheimer patients as compared to age-matched controls.
Abstract: Positron emission tomography of the brain following intravenous injection of (+) (R) and (−) (S) N-[11C-methyl]nicotine showed a marked reduced uptake of both isomers, especially the (R) form, in Alzheimer patients as compared to age-matched controls. The significantly larger difference between the uptake values of the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of11C-nicotine in Azheimer brains may be of diagnostic value.

134 citations

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TL;DR: A limiting factor for the utilization of exogenous levodopa in Parkinson's disease may be a reduced transport capacity for the amino acid into the dopaminergic terminals.
Abstract: The kinetics in brain of the dopamine reuptake blocking agent [11C]-(+)-nomifensine and the L-dopa analogue 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa were compared in 3 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and age-matched healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography. Regional uptake was analyzed and quantified according to a 3-compartment model. Retention of both tracers in striatal regions of the parkinsonian patients were reduced compared with the healthy volunteers mainly in the putamen, while the caudate nucleus was only mildly affected. The reductions were considerably less than the decrease previously reported postmortem for striatal dopamine content in the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease. A fairly constant ratio between 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa utilization and [11C]-(+)-nomifensine binding in the caudate nucleus and the putamen were found in both groups unrelated to the size of the estimated parameters. This indicates that a limiting factor for the utilization of exogenous levodopa in Parkinson's disease may be a reduced transport capacity for the amino acid into the dopaminergic terminals.

76 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The amount of radioactivity was high in the occipital cortex, thalamus, intermediate in the frontal cortex and low in white matter in (−)11C injected monkeys while no regional difference in distribution of11C-radioactivity was observed after injection of (+) 11C-nicotine.
Abstract: N-[methyl-11C] nicotine (11C-nicotine) was given intravenously to monkeys and the uptake and regional distribution of radioactivity was followed in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET). The11C-radioactivity in the brain peaked within 1–2 min and then rapidly declined. Pretreatment with unlabelled nicotine (10 μg/kg) reduced the uptake of11C-radioactivity to the brain by 30%. The uptake of radioactivity was higher following (+)11C-nicotine than (−)11C-nicotine. Both enantiomers were distributed in a similar manner within the brain. When animals were infused with a peripheral nicotinic blocker (trimetaphan) the uptake of radioactivity to the brain was lower following (+)11C-nicotine compared to (−)11C-nicotine. The amount of radioactivity was high in the occipital cortex, thalamus, intermediate in the frontal cortex and low in white matter in (−)11C injected monkeys while no regional difference in distribution of11C-radioactivity was observed after injection of (+)11C-nicotine.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The lack in difference in k3 values between TD patients, neuroleptic treated patients without TD and control subjects throws doubt on the hypothesis that changes in striatal D2 dopamin receptor number or binding affinity is an etiological mechanism for persistent TD.
Abstract: Dopamine D2 receptor binding characteristics were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) using N-11C-methyl spiperone as receptor ligand in patients on longterm treatment with neuroleptic drugs and in control subjects. Eight of the patients had symptoms of tardive dyskinesia whereas three patients did not have any symptoms. Control subjects comprised 5 healthy volunteers and 7 patients with pituitary tumors. All patients had been free of neuroleptic drugs for at least 4 weeks. The time dependent regional radioactivity in the striatum was measured and the receptor binding rate, k3, proportional to receptor number, Bmax and association rate for the receptor was calculated in relation to the cerebellum. The lack in difference in k3 values between TD patients, neuroleptic treated patients without TD and control subjects throws doubt on the hypothesis that changes in striatal D2 dopamin receptor number or binding affinity is an etiological mechanism for persistent TD.

49 citations


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990 citations

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TL;DR: The utility of microfluidic reactor technology as a tool in chemical synthesis in both academic research and industrial applications and the current roadblocks hindering the widespread use are assessed.
Abstract: The successes and failures of past research in the development of microfluidic reactors for chemical synthesis are highlighted. Current roadblocks are assessed and a series of challenges for the future of this area are identified.

953 citations

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TL;DR: The current knowledge on the nAChR subtypes in the human brain, their functional roles and neuropathological involvement is described.

797 citations

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TL;DR: This Review highlights key aspects of the synthesis of PET radiotracers with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (11)C, (18)F, (15)O, and (13)N, with emphasis on the most recent strategies.
Abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful and rapidly developing area of molecular imaging that is used to study and visualize human physiology by the detection of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Information about metabolism, receptor/enzyme function, and biochemical mechanisms in living tissue can be obtained directly from PET experiments. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT), which mainly provide detailed anatomical images, PET can measure chemical changes that occur before macroscopic anatomical signs of a disease are observed. PET is emerging as a revolutionary method for measuring body function and tailoring disease treatment in living subjects. The development of synthetic strategies for the synthesis of new positron-emitting molecules is, however, not trivial. This Review highlights key aspects of the synthesis of PET radiotracers with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (11)C, (18)F, (15)O, and (13)N, with emphasis on the most recent strategies.

786 citations

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TL;DR: Patients with PD have selective nigral pathological features with relative preservation of the dopaminergic function in the anterior putamen and caudate, whereas there is progressively more extensive nigral involvement in multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy.
Abstract: Using positron emission tomography (PET), we studied regional striatal 18F-dopa uptake in 16 patients with L-dopa-responsive Parkinson's disease (PD), 18 patients with multiple system atrophy, and 10 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Results were compared with those of 30 age-matched normal volunteers. The patients with PD showed significantly reduced mean uptake of 18F-dopa in the caudate and putamen compared to controls, but while function in the posterior part of the putamen was severely impaired (45% of normal), function in the anterior part of the putamen and in the caudate was relatively spared (62% and 84% of normal). Mean 18F-dopa uptake in the posterior putamen was depressed to similar levels in all patients. Unlike patients with PD, the patients with progressive supranuclear palsy showed equally severe impairment of mean 18F-dopa uptake in the anterior and posterior putamen. Caudate 18F-dopa uptake was also significantly lower in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy than in patients with PD, being depressed to the same level as that in the putamen. Mean 18F-dopa uptake values in the anterior putamen and caudate in patients with multiple system atrophy lay between PD and progressive supranuclear palsy levels. Locomotor disability of individual patients with PD or multiple system atrophy correlated with decline in striatal 18F-dopa uptake, but this was not the case for the patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. We conclude that patients with PD have selective nigral pathological features with relative preservation of the dopaminergic function in the anterior putamen and caudate, whereas there is progressively more extensive nigral involvement in multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

624 citations