Author
John B. Pendry
Other affiliations: University of California, San Diego, Duke University, Bell Labs ...read more
Bio: John B. Pendry is an academic researcher from Imperial College London. The author has contributed to research in topics: Metamaterial & Plasmon. The author has an hindex of 100, co-authored 536 publications receiving 88802 citations. Previous affiliations of John B. Pendry include University of California, San Diego & Duke University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an effective medium description of a two-dimensional photonic band-gap medium composed of dielectric cylinders of large Dielectric constant, and derived an effective permittivity and permeability for the composite.
Abstract: We develop an effective medium description of a two-dimensional photonic band-gap medium composed of dielectric cylinders of large dielectric constant. Using the transfer matrix method we have calculated reflection coefficients for a slab of the composite and plane-wave incidence, as well as the (complex) wavevector for the infinite system. From these quantities we derive an effective permittivity and permeability for the composite. In the case of p-polarized incidence the composite displays a negative magnetic permeability at microwave frequencies due to single-scatterer resonances in the medium.
340 citations
TL;DR: The concept of transformation optics that manipulates electric and magnetic field lines, rather than rays, can provide an equally intuitive understanding of subwavelength phenomena; and at the same time can be an exact description at the level of Maxwell’s equations.
Abstract: Our intuitive understanding of light has its foundation in the ray approximation and is intimately connected with our vision. As far as our eyes are concerned, light behaves like a stream of particles. We look inside the wavelength and study the properties of plasmonic structures with dimensions of just a few nanometers, where at a tenth or even a hundredth of the wavelength of visible light the ray picture fails. We review the concept of transformation optics that manipulates electric and magnetic field lines, rather than rays; can provide an equally intuitive understanding of subwavelength phenomena; and at the same time can be an exact description at the level of Maxwell's equations.
320 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered refinements of the original prescription designed to overcome the limitations of imperfect materials and showed that a multilayer stack of positive and negative refractive index media is less sensitive to imperfections.
Abstract: In an earlier paper we introduced the concept of the perfect lens which focuses both near and far electromagnetic fields, hence attaining perfect resolution. Here we consider refinements of the original prescription designed to overcome the limitations of imperfect materials. In particular we show that a multilayer stack of positive- and negative-refractive-index media is less sensitive to imperfections. It has the novel property of behaving like a fibre-optic bundle but one that acts on the near field, and not just the radiative component. The effects of retardation are included and minimized by making the slabs thinner. Absorption then dominates image resolution in the near field. The deleterious effects of absorption in the metal are reduced for thinner layers.
307 citations
TL;DR: Pendry et al. as mentioned in this paper suggested a compensation for the losses by introducing optical gain media into the lens design, which showed a dramatic improvement in performance for a silver/gain composite medium at optical frequencies.
Abstract: A recent paper [J. B. Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000)] showed how to construct a superlens that focuses the near-field radiation and, hence, produce an image resolution unlimited by wavelength. The prescription requires lossless materials with a negative refractive index: finite loss cuts off the finer details of the image. In this paper we suggest a compensation for the losses by introducing optical gain media into the lens design. Calculations demonstrate a dramatic improvement in performance for a silver/gain composite medium at optical frequencies.
296 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce coordinate transformation, mapping a known system into an equivalent system to extend the result to a much wider class of structures including cylinders, spheres and intersecting planes, and hence show how to produce magnified images.
Abstract: A slab of negatively refracting material, thickness d, can focus an image at a distance 2d from the object. The negative slab cancels an equal thickness of positive space. This result is a special case of a much wider class of focusing: any medium can be optically cancelled by an equal thickness of material constructed to be an inverted mirror image of the medium, with , μ reversed in sign. We introduce the powerful technique of coordinate transformation, mapping a known system into an equivalent system, to extend the result to a much wider class of structures including cylinders, spheres and intersecting planes, and hence show how to produce magnified images. All the images are 'perfect' in the sense that both the near and far fields are brought to a focus and hence reveal sub-wavelength details.
289 citations
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。
18,940 citations
TL;DR: By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons—in particular their interaction with light—can be tailored, which could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved.
Abstract: Surface plasmons are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor. By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons--in particular their interaction with light--can be tailored, which offers the potential for developing new types of photonic device. This could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved. Surface plasmons are being explored for their potential in subwavelength optics, data storage, light generation, microscopy and bio-photonics.
10,689 citations
TL;DR: These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root ofɛ·μ for the frequencies where both the permittivity and the permeability are negative.
Abstract: We present experimental scattering data at microwave frequencies on a structured metamaterial that exhibits a frequency band where the effective index of refraction (n) is negative. The material consists of a two-dimensional array of repeated unit cells of copper strips and split ring resonators on interlocking strips of standard circuit board material. By measuring the scattering angle of the transmitted beam through a prism fabricated from this material, we determine the effective n, appropriate to Snell's law. These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root of epsilon.mu for the frequencies where both the permittivity (epsilon) and the permeability (mu) are negative. Configurations of geometrical optical designs are now possible that could not be realized by positive index materials.
8,477 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that microstructures built from nonmagnetic conducting sheets exhibit an effective magnetic permeability /spl mu/sub eff/, which can be tuned to values not accessible in naturally occurring materials.
Abstract: We show that microstructures built from nonmagnetic conducting sheets exhibit an effective magnetic permeability /spl mu//sub eff/, which can be tuned to values not accessible in naturally occurring materials, including large imaginary components of /spl mu//sub eff/. The microstructure is on a scale much less than the wavelength of radiation, is not resolved by incident microwaves, and uses a very low density of metal so that structures can be extremely lightweight. Most of the structures are resonant due to internal capacitance and inductance, and resonant enhancement combined with compression of electrical energy into a very small volume greatly enhances the energy density at critical locations in the structure, easily by factors of a million and possibly by much more. Weakly nonlinear materials placed at these critical locations will show greatly enhanced effects raising the possibility of manufacturing active structures whose properties can be switched at will between many states.
8,135 citations
TL;DR: Recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics are surveyed and an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles is offered.
Abstract: The emerging field of plasmonics has yielded methods for guiding and localizing light at the nanoscale, well below the scale of the wavelength of light in free space. Now plasmonics researchers are turning their attention to photovoltaics, where design approaches based on plasmonics can be used to improve absorption in photovoltaic devices, permitting a considerable reduction in the physical thickness of solar photovoltaic absorber layers, and yielding new options for solar-cell design. In this review, we survey recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics and offer an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles.
8,028 citations