John C. Cartledge

Bio: John C. Cartledge is an academic researcher from Queen's University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Quadrature amplitude modulation & Chirp. The author has an hindex of 27, co-authored 245 publications receiving 2686 citations. Previous affiliations of John C. Cartledge include Ciena & Nortel.

Extraction of DFB laser rate equation parameters for system simulation purposes

Abstract: Values for the parameters in a rate equation description of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser must be chosen appropriately in order to obtain agreement between calculated and measured results for system performance. A technique is described for readily extracting values of the rate equation parameters using measurements of the threshold current and the optical power, resonance frequency and damping factor for a bias current well above the threshold current. When used to estimate system performance, it is shown that different sets of physically reasonable parameter values which reproduce the measurements yield the same dependence of the receiver sensitivity on fiber length. Calculated and measured results for the receiver sensitivity and time resolved chirp exhibit good agreement when the extracted parameter values are used.

The effect of laser chirping on lightwave system performance

Abstract: Directly modulated semiconductor lasers exhibit a dynamic wavelength shift (chirping) arising from gain-induced variations of the laser refractive index. The effect of laser chirping on the performance of multi-Gb/s lightwave systems operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm is investigated. Models suitable for computer-aided analysis are used to describe the dynamic response of the laser and the propagation of chirped optical pulses through a step-index single-mode optical fibre. A truncated pulse train, Gauss quadrature rule method is used to evaluate the average bit error rate of the receiver. This permits pattern effects in the transmitted optical waveform due to the laser dynamics and nonlinear optical power transmission properties of optical fibers to be included in the system model. The influence that modulation and device parameters have on the receiver sensitivity is assessed. >

Digital signal processing for fiber nonlinearities [Invited].

Abstract: This paper reviews digital signal processing techniques that compensate, mitigate, and exploit fiber nonlinearities in coherent optical fiber transmission systems.

100 Gb/s Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection

Abstract: Recent advances in short reach 100 Gb/s intensity modulation and directed detection systems are briefly reviewed. As an illustrative example of using digital signal processing enabled transmitters and receivers to allow relatively modest symbol rates, the generation and detection of 112 Gb/s 16-QAM half-cycle Nyquist subcarrier modulation are considered using dual-polarization, single-carrier and single-polarization, dual-carrier implementations. High bandwidth directly modulated passive feedback lasers are used to generate the optical signals and pre-amplified receivers are used to detect the received signals in a back-to-back system and after transmission over 4 km of single-mode fiber.

Reducing the complexity of perturbation based nonlinearity pre-compensation using symmetric EDC and pulse shaping

Abstract: Perturbation based nonlinearity pre-compensation has been performed for a 128 Gbit/s single-carrier dual-polarization 16-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation (DP 16-QAM) signal. Without any performance degradation, a complexity reduction factor of 6.8 has been demonstrated for a transmission distance of 3600 km by combining symmetric electronic dispersion compensation and root-raised-cosine pulse shaping with a roll-off factor of 0.1. Transmission over 4200 km of standard single-mode fiber with EDFA amplification was achieved for the 128 Gbit/s DP 16-QAM signals with a forward error correction (FEC) threshold of 2 × 10−2.

Integrating photonics with silicon nanoelectronics for the next generation of systems on a chip.

Abstract: Electronic and photonic technologies have transformed our lives-from computing and mobile devices, to information technology and the internet. Our future demands in these fields require innovation in each technology separately, but also depend on our ability to harness their complementary physics through integrated solutions1,2. This goal is hindered by the fact that most silicon nanotechnologies-which enable our processors, computer memory, communications chips and image sensors-rely on bulk silicon substrates, a cost-effective solution with an abundant supply chain, but with substantial limitations for the integration of photonic functions. Here we introduce photonics into bulk silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips using a layer of polycrystalline silicon deposited on silicon oxide (glass) islands fabricated alongside transistors. We use this single deposited layer to realize optical waveguides and resonators, high-speed optical modulators and sensitive avalanche photodetectors. We integrated this photonic platform with a 65-nanometre-transistor bulk CMOS process technology inside a 300-millimetre-diameter-wafer microelectronics foundry. We then implemented integrated high-speed optical transceivers in this platform that operate at ten gigabits per second, composed of millions of transistors, and arrayed on a single optical bus for wavelength division multiplexing, to address the demand for high-bandwidth optical interconnects in data centres and high-performance computing3,4. By decoupling the formation of photonic devices from that of transistors, this integration approach can achieve many of the goals of multi-chip solutions 5 , but with the performance, complexity and scalability of 'systems on a chip'1,6-8. As transistors smaller than ten nanometres across become commercially available 9 , and as new nanotechnologies emerge10,11, this approach could provide a way to integrate photonics with state-of-the-art nanoelectronics.

Simple measurement of fiber dispersion and of chirp parameter of intensity modulated light emitter

Abstract: We report a novel method to measure two important parameters for optical fiber intensity modulated transmission systems: dispersion of optical fibers and chirp parameter of modulated light emitters. The method is easy, quick, and accurate for chirp parameter in the -10-to-10 range. >

Roadmap of optical communications

Abstract: Lightwave communications is a necessity for the information age. Optical links provide enormous bandwidth, and the optical fiber is the only medium that can meet the modern society's needs for transporting massive amounts of data over long distances. Applications range from global high-capacity networks, which constitute the backbone of the internet, to the massively parallel interconnects that provide data connectivity inside datacenters and supercomputers. Optical communications is a diverse and rapidly changing field, where experts in photonics, communications, electronics, and signal processing work side by side to meet the ever-increasing demands for higher capacity, lower cost, and lower energy consumption, while adapting the system design to novel services and technologies. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of this rich research field, Journal of Optics has invited 16 researchers, each a world-leading expert in their respective subfields, to contribute a section to this invited review article, summarizing their views on state-of-the-art and future developments in optical communications.

Large-scale photonic integrated circuits

Abstract: 100-Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) transmitter and receiver photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are demonstrated. The transmitter is realized through the integration of over 50 discrete functions onto a single monolithic InP chip. The resultant DWDM PICs are capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving ten wavelengths at 10 Gb/s on a DWDM wavelength grid. Optical system performance results across a representative DWDM long-haul link are presented for a next-generation optical transport system using these large-scale PICs. The large-scale PIC enables significant reductions in cost, packaging complexity, size, fiber coupling, and power consumption.

High-Spectral-Efficiency Optical Modulation Formats

Abstract: As 100-Gb/s coherent systems based on polarization- division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK), with aggregate wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) capacities close to 10 Tb/s, are getting widely deployed, the use of high-spectral-efficiency quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to increase both per-channel interface rates and aggregate WDM capacities is the next evolutionary step. In this paper we review high-spectral-efficiency optical modulation formats for use in digital coherent systems. We look at fundamental as well as at technological scaling trends and highlight important trade-offs pertaining to the design and performance of coherent higher-order QAM transponders.