Author
John D. McCluskey
Other affiliations: Michigan State University, University of Texas at San Antonio
Bio: John D. McCluskey is an academic researcher from Rochester Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poison control & Juvenile delinquency. The author has an hindex of 19, co-authored 42 publications receiving 1854 citations. Previous affiliations of John D. McCluskey include Michigan State University & University of Texas at San Antonio.
Papers
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TL;DR: This paper used observations of police encounters with 3,130 suspects in Indianapolis and St. Petersburg to estimate three influences on police disrespect: how suspects behave, their personal characteristics, and the location of the encounter.
Abstract: We use observations of police encounters with 3,130 suspects in Indianapolis and St. Petersburg to estimate three influences on police disrespect: how suspects behave, their personal characteristics, and the location of the encounter. Logistic regression models show that suspects' behaviors were the most powerful predictors, but the suspect's sex, age, income, and degree of neighborhood disadvantage were also significant. Minority suspects experienced disrespect less often than whites (statistically significant in the hierarchical analysis controlling for degree of neighborhood disadvantage). These effects are concentrated in St. Petersburg, where the chief had made the suppression of police abuses a visible priority. The findings offer partial confirmation of Donald Black's theory of law.
310 citations
TL;DR: This article explored a variety of predictors of citizens' compliance with police requests to cease misbehavior and found that legitimacy factors influence compliance, however, the model's overall explanatory power is weaker than expected.
Abstract: This article explores a variety of predictors of citizens' compliance with police requests to cease misbehavior. Where possible, the authors attempt to closely replicate the 1996 model formulated by Mastrofski, Snipes, and Supina to explain citizen compliance in Richmond, Virginia. Data on police-citizen encounters (N = 989) are drawn from the Project on Policing Neighbor hoods, conducted in Indianapolis, Indiana, and St. Petersburg, Florida. The analysis indicates that a variety of legitimating factors influence compliance; however, the model's overall explanatory power is weaker than expected.
162 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that those who are disrespectful to the police are more likely to have that behavior reciprocated and that the size of the audience observing the encounter also influences whether a suspect will behave disrespectfully.
Abstract: Research shows that suspects' behavior influences police officers' decisions. Those who are disrespectful to the police are more likely to have that behavior reciprocated. To date, the factors influencing whether suspects will show deference remain largely unexamined. Guided by social interactionist theory and recent developments in urban sociology, we use systematic social observations and census data to investigate. We find that elevated levels of police force can induce suspect disrespect, but more subtle forms tend to have the opposite effect. The size of the audiences observing the encounter also influences whether suspects behave disrespectfully. Hypothesized links between disinhibiting factors such as intoxicants and disrespect are confirmed. Excluding traffic encounters, suspects in disadvantaged neighborhoods are less likely to show defference. This finding helps explain why officers encountering African Americans are the targets of disrespect.
145 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that those who are disrespectful to the police are more likely to have that behavior reciprocated and that the size of the audience observing the encounter also influences whether a suspect will behave disrespectfully.
Abstract: Research shows that suspects' behavior influences police officers' decisions. Those who are disrespectful to the police are more likely to have that behavior reciprocated. To date, the factors influencing whether suspects will show deference remain largely unexamined. Guided by social interactionist theory and recent developments in urban sociology, we use systematic social observations and census data to investigate. We find that elevated levels of police force can induce suspect disrespect, but more subtle forms tend to have the opposite effect. The size of the audiences observing the encounter also influences whether suspects behave disrespectfully. Hypothesized links between disinhibiting factors such as intoxicants and disrespect are confirmed. Excluding traffic encounters, suspects in disadvantaged neighborhoods are less likely to show defference. This finding helps explain why officers encountering African Americans are the targets of disrespect.
142 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the applicability of leading criminological theories (general theory of crime, differential association theory, and general strain theory) in explaining school bullying and found limited support for the generality of these three leading theories in explaining bullying.
Abstract: A growing number of studies indicate the ubiquity of school bullying: It is a global concern, regardless of cultural differences. Little previous research has examined whether leading criminological theories can explain bullying, despite the commonality between bullying and delinquency. The current investigation uses longitudinal data on 655 Korean youth, in three schools, to examine the applicability of leading criminological theories (general theory of crime, differential association theory, and general strain theory) in explaining school bullying. Overall, our findings indicate limited support for the generality of these three leading criminological theories in explaining the etiology of bullying. However, the findings show the significant effects of school-generated strains (teachers’ physical and emotional punishment and examination related strain) on bullying. Directions for future research and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
129 citations
Cited by
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01 Jan 1982
Abstract: Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index
7,539 citations
TL;DR: A review of the book "Organizations: Rational, Natural and Open Systems" by W.R. Scott is given in this paper, where the authors present a review of their work.
Abstract: This article presents a review of the book “Organizations: Rational, Natural and Open Systems,” by W.R. Scott.
1,010 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make three points: first, the police need public support and cooperation to be effective in their order-maintenance role, and they particularly benefit when they have the voluntary support of most members of the public, most of the time.
Abstract: This article makes three points. First, the police need public support and cooperation to be effective in their order-maintenance role, and they particularly benefit when they have the voluntary support and cooperation of most members of the public, most of the time. Second, such voluntary support and cooperation is linked to judgments about the legitimacy of the police. A central reason people cooperate with the police is that they view them as legitimate legal authorities, entitled to be obeyed. Third, a key antecedent of public judgments about the legitimacy of the police and of policing activities involves public assessments of the manner in which the police exercise their authority. Such procedural-justice judgments are central to public evaluations of the police and influence such evaluations separately from assessments of police effectiveness in fighting crime. These findings suggest the importance of enhancing public views about the legitimacy of the police and suggest process-based strategies for...
967 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that the key factor shaping public behavior is the fairness of the processes legal authorities use when dealing with members of the public, both during personal experiences with legal authorities and when community residents are making general evaluations of the law and of legal authorities.
Abstract: Legal authorities gain when they receive deference and cooperation from the public. Considerable evidence suggests that the key factor shaping public behavior is the fairness of the processes legal authorities use when dealing with members of the public. This reaction occurs both during personal experiences with legal authorities and when community residents are making general evaluations of the law and of legal authorities. The strength and breadth of this influence suggests the value of an approach to regulation based upon sensitivity to public concerns about fairness in the exercise of legal authority. Such an approach leads to a number of suggestions about valuable police practices, as well as helping explain why improvements in the objective performance of the police and courts have not led to higher levels of public trust and confidence in those institutions.
965 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between neighborhood structure, social control, and crime has been studied in the context of social disorganization theory, and some promising new directions in social disorganized theory have been charted.
Abstract: Social disorganization theory focuses on the relationship between neighborhood structure, social control, and crime. Recent theoretical and empirical work on the relationship between community characteristics and crime has led to important refinements of social disorganization theory, yet there remain some substantive and methodological deficiencies in this body of work. This article addresses these problems and charts some promising new directions in social disorganization theory.
760 citations