John F. Cryan

TL;DR: The emerging concept of a microbiota–gut–brain axis suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota may be a tractable strategy for developing novel therapeutics for complex CNS disorders.

TL;DR: Chronic treatment with L. rhamnosus induced region-dependent alterations in GABAB1b mRNA in the brain with increases in cortical regions and concomitant reductions in expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, in comparison with control-fed mice, highlighting the important role of bacteria in the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis.

TL;DR: Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: This review focuses on recent findings regarding some of the most widely employed animal models used currently to predict antidepressant potential, and emphasis is placed on recent modifications to such paradigms that have increased their utility and reliability.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CNS neurotransmission can be profoundly disturbed by the absence of anormal gut microbiota and that this aberrant neurochemical, but not behavioural, profile is resistant to restoration of a normal gut flora in later life.