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John Hinton

Bio: John Hinton is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Thanatology & Intelligence quotient. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 4 publications receiving 97 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three parallel forms of the clinical tests of the sensorium were devised, tried out and modified on two groups of 24 subjects and correlated moderately well when repeated.
Abstract: Three parallel forms of the clinical tests of the sensorium were devised, tried out and modified on two groups of 24 subjects. The final versions were further assessed by using each form in turn with 108 psychiatric patients. The three forms of tests gave scores with very similar means and standard deviations. They correlated moderately well when repeated.

57 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the clinical tests of sensorium (CTS) are widely used as a quick check of mental efficiency, they have come together in a haphazard way and their validity has been questioned.
Abstract: The clinical tests of the sensorium, in three equivalent forms, have been used three times each in a balanced order on 108 psychiatric patients and 40 patients without mental disorder. Other intelligence tests and clinical ratings were also used. The small group of patients with organic brain syndromes gave significantly poorer results in many, but not all, of the tests. There was some support for the hypothesis that general intelligence would affect performance, as also the length of education, age, test repetition and disorders of mood. In the discussion and review of these tests it is suggested that the tests of Orientation and General Information are clinically useful, the Serial Sevens and selected tests of recall, especially those involving a period of delay, have a value; but Reversing the Days of the Week and the Digit Span test could be omitted from the CTS

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lader and Wing (1965) compared amylobarbitone sodium and chlordiazepoxide as daytime sedative drugs in anxious patients with similar results, and the incidence of side effects, including drowsiness, was similar in each case.
Abstract: Chlordiazepoxide and sodium amylobarbitone, which have a known dose-equivalent ratio for relieving anxiety, have been compared for hypnotic actions. In a double-blind trial, which included a placebo, the EEG effects and subjective ratings of sleep were measured in psychiatric patients with insomnia; the subjects acted as their own controls. Both drugs were hypnotics, but sodium amylobarbitone had a significantly greater effect than chlordiazepoxide when compared at the doses found equivalent for relieving anxiety. The hypnotic effect of chlordiazepoxide was not clearly related to dosage. The barbiturate decreased REM sleep, as expected, but chlordiazepoxide did not. The difference in actions of these two drugs is discussed briefly in terms of the site of action and the relief of insomnia by alleviating anxiety.

5 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.

76,181 citations

01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Abstract: EXAMINATION of the mental state is essential in evaluating psychiatric patients.1 Many investigators have added quantitative assessment of cognitive performance to the standard examination, and have documented reliability and validity of the several “clinical tests of the sensorium”.2*3 The available batteries are lengthy. For example, WITHERS and HINTON’S test includes 33 questions and requires about 30 min to administer and score. The standard WAIS requires even more time. However, elderly patients, particularly those with delirium or dementia syndromes, cooperate well only for short periods.4 Therefore, we devised a simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely. It is “mini” because it concentrates only on the cognitive aspects of mental functions, and excludes questions concerning mood, abnormal mental experiences and the form of thinking. But within the cognitive realm it is thorough. We have documented the validity and reliability of the MMS when given to 206 patients with dementia syndromes, affective disorder, affective disorder with cognitive impairment “pseudodementia”5T6), mania, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and in 63 normal subjects.

70,887 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The MMSE's value as a screen instrument for dementia and delirium when later, more intensive diagnostic enquiry is possible is confirmed; earlier suggestions that the MMSE alone cannot yield a diagnosis for these conditions are reinforced.
Abstract: With a psychiatrist's standardized clinical diagnosis as the criterion, the 'Mini-Mental State' Examination (MMSE) was 87% sensitive and 82% specific in detecting dementia and delirium among hospital patients on a general medical ward. The false positive ratio was 39% and the false negative ratio was 5%. All false positives had less than 9 years of education; many were 60 years of age or older. Performance on specific MMSE items was related to education or age. These findings confirm the MMSE's value as a screen instrument for dementia and delirium when later, more intensive diagnostic enquiry is possible; they reinforce earlier suggestions that the MMSE alone cannot yield a diagnosis for these conditions.

1,070 citations

Book
01 Jul 1987
TL;DR: The author revealed that gender differences in age at Onset and Course of Schizophrenic Disorders and the Reverse Genetic approach to the Etiology of Sch schizophrenia offered a clue to the Aetiology of the Disease.
Abstract: I Epidemiology of Schizophrenia- Deviant Birth Season Distribution: Does It Offer a Clue to the Aetiology of Schizophrenia?- Gender Differences in Age at Onset and Course of Schizophrenic Disorders A Contribution to the Understanding of the Disease?- Early Predictors of Onset and Course of Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum- Epidemiology of Schizophrenia: Discussion- II Determinants of Course and Outcome of Schizophrenia- The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia: Five-Year Follow-Up Findings- What Is Crucial for the Long-Term Outcome of Schizophrenia?- Models for the Development of Symptomatology and Course of Schizophrenia- Interaction of Environment and Personality in the Course of Schizophrenia- III Genetics of Schizophrenia- Models of Heritability and Genetic Transmission- Gene-Environment Interaction in Adoptive Families- The Reverse Genetic Approach to the Etiology of Schizophrenia- Genetics of Schizophrenia: Discussion- IV Vulnerability Models for Schizophrenia- Testing Vulnerability Models: Stability of Potential Vulnerability Indicators Across Clinical State- The Contributions of Psychophysiology to Vulnerability Models- The Contributions of Cognitive Psychology to Vulnerability Models- Vulnerability Models for Schizophrenia: Discussion- V Brain Anatomy in Schizophrenia- The Neuropathology of Schizophrenia- Computer Tomographic Studies in Schizophrenia- Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain: Clinical and Research Applications in Schizophrenia- Brain Anatomy in Schizophrenia: Discussion- VI Brain Function in Schizophrenia- Positron Emission Tomography in Schizophrenia- Brain Localisation and Neuropsychology in Schizophrenia: Syndrome and Neurodevelopmental Implications- The Autonomic Orienting Response as a Possible Vulnerability Marker in Schizophrenia- Event-Related Potentials and Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia- Brain Function in Schizophrenia: Discussion- VII Future Strategies and Perspectives in Schizophrenia Research- Antipsychotic Drugs as Tools for Etiological Research- Strategies for Biological Research: Psychosis as an Anomaly of the Cerebral Dominance Gene- Strategies for Psychosocial Research into the Causes of Schizophrenia- New Perspectives in the Epidemiology of Schizophrenia- Future Strategies and Perspectives in Schizophrenia Research: Discussion- Closing Remarks- Author Index

505 citations