다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

https://www.massey.ac.nz/~ychisti/Biodiesel.pdf

Biodiesel from microalgae.

https://www.cti2000.it/Bionett/BioD-1999-101%20Biodiesel%20production%20review.pdf

Biodiesel production : a review

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) coordinates a diverse array of cellular programs through transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes. This article reviews the current understanding of IFN-gamma ligand, receptor, signal transduction, and cellular effects with a focus on macrophage responses and to a lesser extent, responses from other cell types that influence macrophage function during infection. The current model for IFN-gamma signal transduction is discussed, as well as signal regulation and factors conferring signal specificity. Cellular effects of IFN-gamma are described, including up-regulation of pathogen recognition, antigen processing and presentation, the antiviral state, inhibition of cellular proliferation and effects on apoptosis, activation of microbicidal effector functions, immunomodulation, and leukocyte trafficking. In addition, integration of signaling and response with other cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, type I IFNs, and lipopolysaccharide are discussed.

https://jlb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1189/jlb.0603252

Interferon-γ: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions

Microalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro-organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20-50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level. While the concept of using microalgae as an alternative and renewable source of lipid-rich biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored over the past few decades, a scalable, commercially viable system has yet to emerge. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily confined to high-value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03492.x

Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances

Fatty acid structure. Lipid structure. Occurrence and characteristics of oils and fats. Separation and isolation procedures. Processing of fats and oils. Analytical methods. Synthesis. Physical properties - structural and physical characteristics. Physical properties - optical and spectral characteristics. Chemical properties. Lipid metabolism. Medical and agricultural aspects of lipids. Dictionary section. Compound name index. Formula index.

The lipid handbook

Lipids and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic algae

1 Introduction.- 1A General remarks.- 1B Classification of organisms.- 1C Lipid nomenclature.- 2 Major Lipid Types in Plants and Micro-Organisms.- 2A Fatty acids.- 2B Acyl lipids.- 2C Terpenoids.- 2D Sterols.- 2E Other lipid types.- 2F Ether lipids.- 3 Distribution of Lipids.- 3A Lipid distributions in different organisms and their use in taxonomy.- 3B Subcellular distribution of lipids.- 3C Intramembrane lipid distribution.- 3D Subcellular fractionation and membrane isolation.- 3E Factors affecting the lipid composition of plants and microorganisms.- 4 Biosynthesis.- 4A Fatty acids.- 4B Acyl lipids.- 4C Terpenoids and steroids.- 4D Complex lipids.- 4E Ether lipids.- 5 Degradation.- 5A Degradation of acyl lipids.- 5B Oxidation of fatty acids.- 6 Lipid Functions.- 6A Membrane structure and function.- 6B Storage.- 6C Microbial lipids as virulence factors.- 6D Conclusion.- Further reading.

Lipids in plants and microbes

Recent advances in the biosynthesis of plant fatty acids

https://www.cell.com/trends/biochemical-sciences/pdf/S0968-0004(98)01279-1.pdf

John L. Harwood

Papers

The lipid handbook

Lipids and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic algae

Lipids in plants and microbes

Recent advances in the biosynthesis of plant fatty acids

Does the membrane's physical state control the expression of heat shock and other genes?