Author
John L. Harwood
Other affiliations: John L. Scott, Spanish National Research Council, University of Leeds ...read more
Bio: John L. Harwood is an academic researcher from Cardiff University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Lipid metabolism & Fatty acid. The author has an hindex of 60, co-authored 420 publications receiving 16081 citations. Previous affiliations of John L. Harwood include John L. Scott & Spanish National Research Council.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A detailed lipidomic analysis of developing seeds revealed quite distinct patterns and showed where metabolic connections were important in the molecular species distribution and suggested that DGAT may hold a more important role in influencing the molecular composition of TAG.
43 citations
TL;DR: A wide variety of environmental factors have been shown to produce effects--sometimes lethal--on plant lipid metabolism as discussed by the authors, but their levels (and consequently influence on plant growth) are exacerbated by human activities.
43 citations
TL;DR: The main effects, which were seen in a number of cases, were an overall inhibition of total lipid labelling and a relative increase in the labelling of triacylglycerols in the non-polar fraction, which can be viewed as reflecting general toxicity of heavy metals.
42 citations
TL;DR: The mandelamide pesticide SX 623509 reduces lipid synthesis at concentrations similar to those inhibiting growth and specific effects on lipid labelling patterns are probably caused by inhibition of cholinephosphotransferase, which may be a future target site for pesticide development.
Abstract: Summary
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Several pesticide classes have been used for control of the notorious plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Some of these alter lipids, suggesting that lipid metabolism may be a target site. Here, we investigate the action of a new, active, mandelamide compound, SX 623509 (N-2′-(4″-ethoxy-3″-methoxy) phenylethyl-3, 4-dichloromandelamide), on lipid metabolism.
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Phytophthora infestans cultured in pea-broth or minimal media was exposed to different concentrations of SX 623509. Lipid metabolism was followed with radiolabelled acetate, choline or ethanolamine. Products were analysed following separation by thin-layer chromatography and gas–liquid chromatography.
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SX 623509 reduced growth and lipid labelling from [14C]acetate in both media. The inhibition in lipid labelling was not caused merely by a reduction in uptake of the radiolabelled precursor. There were changes in labelling patterns, particularly reductions in phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol and increases in phosphatidate and diacylglycerol. The effect of SX 623509 on phosphatidylcholine labelling was followed in more detail.
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We conclude that the mandelamide pesticide SX 623509 reduces lipid synthesis at concentrations similar to those inhibiting growth. Specific effects on lipid labelling patterns are probably caused by inhibition of cholinephosphotransferase, which may be a future target site for pesticide development.
42 citations
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Journal Article•
28,685 citations
TL;DR: As demonstrated here, microalgae appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuels.
9,030 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats.
4,902 citations
TL;DR: The current understanding of IFN‐γ ligand, receptor, ignal transduction, and cellular effects with a focus on macrophage responses and to a lesser extent, responses from other cell types that influence macrophages function during infection are reviewed.
Abstract: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) coordinates a diverse array of cellular programs through transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes. This article reviews the current understanding of IFN-gamma ligand, receptor, signal transduction, and cellular effects with a focus on macrophage responses and to a lesser extent, responses from other cell types that influence macrophage function during infection. The current model for IFN-gamma signal transduction is discussed, as well as signal regulation and factors conferring signal specificity. Cellular effects of IFN-gamma are described, including up-regulation of pathogen recognition, antigen processing and presentation, the antiviral state, inhibition of cellular proliferation and effects on apoptosis, activation of microbicidal effector functions, immunomodulation, and leukocyte trafficking. In addition, integration of signaling and response with other cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, type I IFNs, and lipopolysaccharide are discussed.
3,589 citations
TL;DR: A brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization are provided.
Abstract: Microalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro-organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20-50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level. While the concept of using microalgae as an alternative and renewable source of lipid-rich biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored over the past few decades, a scalable, commercially viable system has yet to emerge. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily confined to high-value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization.
3,479 citations