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John L. Harwood

Bio: John L. Harwood is an academic researcher from Cardiff University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Lipid metabolism & Fatty acid. The author has an hindex of 60, co-authored 420 publications receiving 16081 citations. Previous affiliations of John L. Harwood include John L. Scott & Spanish National Research Council.


Papers
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TL;DR: Using liposomes of phosphatidylserine to target membrane microdomains is a feasible mechanism for modulating rhinovirus-induced signaling, and potentially a prototypic new therapy for viral-mediated inflammation.

17 citations

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TL;DR: The results suggest that Sandoz 9785 alters galactolipid metabolism in photosynthetic microalgae but has no great effect on lipid synthesis in non-photosynthetic species.
Abstract: A comparison was made of the effects of the substituted pyridazinone herbicide, 4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl 3(2H) pyridazinone (Sandoz 9785; BASF 13-338) on the growth rate and lipid class synthesis of two species of photosynthetic (Chroomanas salina and Nannochloropsis oculata), and one species of non-photosynthetic (Crypthecodinium cohnii), marine microalgae. The growth rate, but not the total lipid content, of all three species was reduced by the herbicide. The percentage distribution of radioactivity incorporated by C. cohnii into lipid classes generally resembled the relative abundance of the classes and the presence of Sandoz 9785 resulted in only small changes in lipid class proportions or in the distribution of radioactivity. In C. salina, the proportion of radioactivity located in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) increased from 9-2% to 20-3%, and that in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) from 6-3% to 12-7%, in the presence of the herbicide. In N. oculata the proportion of radioactivity recovered in DGDG, but not MGDG, was increased significantly by the presence of Sandoz 9785. The results suggest that Sandoz 9785 alters galactolipid metabolism in photosynthetic microalgae but has no great effect on lipid synthesis in non-photosynthetic species.

17 citations

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TL;DR: Glycerolipid synthesis in olive was investigated using both olive fruits and tissue cultures and microsomes prepared from callus tissue cultured at 35° displayed greater levels of triacylglycerol synthesis than microsome prepared from 25° maintained cultures.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications as mentioned in this paper .

17 citations


Cited by
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Yusuf Chisti1
TL;DR: As demonstrated here, microalgae appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuels.

9,030 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats.

4,902 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current understanding of IFN‐γ ligand, receptor, ignal transduction, and cellular effects with a focus on macrophage responses and to a lesser extent, responses from other cell types that influence macrophages function during infection are reviewed.
Abstract: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) coordinates a diverse array of cellular programs through transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes. This article reviews the current understanding of IFN-gamma ligand, receptor, signal transduction, and cellular effects with a focus on macrophage responses and to a lesser extent, responses from other cell types that influence macrophage function during infection. The current model for IFN-gamma signal transduction is discussed, as well as signal regulation and factors conferring signal specificity. Cellular effects of IFN-gamma are described, including up-regulation of pathogen recognition, antigen processing and presentation, the antiviral state, inhibition of cellular proliferation and effects on apoptosis, activation of microbicidal effector functions, immunomodulation, and leukocyte trafficking. In addition, integration of signaling and response with other cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, type I IFNs, and lipopolysaccharide are discussed.

3,589 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization are provided.
Abstract: Microalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro-organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20-50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level. While the concept of using microalgae as an alternative and renewable source of lipid-rich biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored over the past few decades, a scalable, commercially viable system has yet to emerge. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily confined to high-value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization.

3,479 citations