John Martin Gillroy

Bio: John Martin Gillroy is an academic researcher from Lehigh University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Autonomy & Environmental law. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 12 publications receiving 250 citations. Previous affiliations of John Martin Gillroy include University of Cambridge & Bucknell University.

The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty

Abstract: The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty. By Robyn Eckersley. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004. 344p. $62.00 cloth, $25.00 paper. Some argue that market democracies do not engage in war with one another, and therefore that if one promotes markets, franchise, and elections, or democratic-capitalist states, this will lead to international peace and cooperation. This idea has informed both the theory of international law (e.g., a right to democratic governance) and the practice of American foreign policy (e.g., Bush Doctrine). A counterargument is built on the suspicion that institutional political/economic process is largely independent of the propensity of a state to cooperate in international relations, and that a focus on democracy and markets as a cure-all for international dispute settlement distracts both theorist and practitioner from the real problems that plague the international system. These skeptics call the focus on the creation of democratic states the “consoling myth.”

The ethical poverty of cost-benefit methods: Autonomy, efficiency and public policy choice*

Abstract: The principle of efficiency holds as the basic standard of market decision-making. Routinely however, it has been applied as a standard of judgement to public choices as well. This essay proceeds on the basis of four assumptions. First, that efficiency, outside the market context, has two manifestations (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Cost-Benefit Methods) which are made distinct by one's concentration on judging the most cost-effective means to policy ends otherwise arrived at, and the other's use of efficiency to judge both the means and end of policy choice. Second, that although efficiency is a fit primary decision standard within a competitive market a principle with more distinctly ‘moral weight’ is needed to judge ends outside of markets. Third, that one possible source of this ‘moral weight’ is individual autonomy or freedom that is a fit ethical principle upon which to set the ends of public policy. Fourth, that the use of cost-benefit methods rather than cost-effectiveness analysis implies that it can satisfy the requirements of both efficiency and autonomy. If the efficient policy choice also provided protection of individual autonomy then cost-benefit methods could be used for the analysis of public policy ends, but if it fails to have a deeper moral justification then the role of efficiency in the public sector must be limited only to its judgement of cost-effective means to policy ends arrived at by a non-efficiency standard. I will argue that the autonomy of individual choice in a market is a ‘thin’ and morally impoverished ethical standard of judgement that adds no additional ‘moral weight’ to market efficiency for the judgements of policy ends. This conclusion limits efficiency to the consideration of public means alone, eliminating cost-benefit methods as a fit approach to policy analysis while simultaneously promoting cost-effectiveness analysis and the search for an independent moral standard for the assessment of public ends.

The Moral Austerity of Environmental Decision Making: Sustainability, Democracy, and Normative Argument in Policy and Law

Abstract: Figures and Tables Preface Introduction: The Roots of Moral Austerity in Environmental Policy Discourse Part I. Moral Principles and Environmental Policy: Basic Issues and Dilemmas Issue 1: Science as a Substitute for Moral Principles? Science as a Substitute for Moral Principle / Susan Buck Science Is No Substitute for Moral Principle / Robert Paehlke Issue 2: Environmental Justice without Social Justice? Why Environmental Thought and Action Must Include Considerations of Social Justice / Joel J. Kassiola Environmental Justice: Private Preference or Public Necessity? / Joe Bowersox Issue 3: Nature Has Only an Instrumental Value Sustainability: Descriptive or Performative? / Bryan Norton Are Environmental Values All Instrumental? / Mark Sagoff Issue 4: Intrinsic Value Implies No Use and a Threat to Democratic Governance A Practical Concept of Nature's Intrinsic Value / John Martin Gillroy On Intrinsic Value and Environmental Ethics / Bob Pepperman Taylor Part II: Case Studies in Sustainable Environmental Policy and Law Introduction The Subnational Role in Sustainable Development: Lessons from American States and Canadian Provinces / Barry G. Rabe Sustainable Development and Natural Hazards Mitigation / Anna K. Schwab and David J. Brower Sustainable Governance / Jonathan Baert Wiener Sustainability in the United States: Legal Tools and Initiatives / Celia Campbell-Mohn Sustainable Development and the Use of Public Lands / Jan G. Laitos The Impact of Political Institutions on Preservation of the U.S. and Canadian National Parks / William Lowry Global Environmental Accountability: The Missing Link in the Pursuit of Sustainable Development? / Robert V. Percival Part III: Moral Principles and Sustainable Environmental Policy: An Analysis of Ends and Means Introduction Issue I: Science and Sustainability Sustainability, Sustainable Development, and Values / Robert Paehlke Saving All the Parts: Science and Sustainability / Susan Buck Discussion Issue 3: A Sustainable Environment as an Instrumental Value? The Hedgehog, the Fox, and the Environment / Mark Sagoff Why Not Foxy Hedgehogs? / Bryan Norton Discussion Issue 4: A Sustainable Environment as an Intrinsic Value? Sustainability: Restricting the Policy Debate / John Martin Gillroy Comments on Sustainability / Bob Pepperman Taylor Discussion Conclusion: Democratic Competence, Accountability, and Education in the Twenty-first Century Notes References Contributors

Making Public Choices: Kant’s Justice From Autonomy As An Alternative To Rawls’ Justice As Fairness

Abstract: L'A. defend la these selon laquelle la justice de l'autonomie represente chez Kant une alternative serieuse a la justice comme loyaute definie par Rawls. A partir de la description de la cooperation de l'individu, du role de l'etat et de l'action collective au sein de la communaute, l'A. entreprend une comparaison des deux penseurs sur la question de l'application de la theorie morale a la question du choix politique, oriente vers le consensus pour Rawls, et fonde sur la distinction entre bien prive et bien public et sur la qualite de l'environnement pour Kant.

Kantian ethics and environmental policy argument : autonomy, ecosystem integrity, and our duties to nature

Abstract: In this essay I will argue that, preconceptions notwithstanding, Immanuel Kant does have an environmental ethics which uniquely contributes to two current debates in the field. First, he transcends the controversy between individualistic and holistic approaches to nature with a theory that considers humanity in terms of the autonomy of moral individuals and nature in terms of the integrity of functional wholes. Second, he diminishes the gulf between Conservationism and Preservationism. He does this by constructing an ideal-regarding conception of the former that values nature not as "merely " a thing to be used by human preferences and translated by markets, but as an essential component and prerequisite to the intrinsic autonomy of human beings. Simultaneously, he argues for a definition of preservation which places responsibility on humanity to harmonize moral agency with the functional integrity of natural systems. Here humanity and nature become the two unique and equally important components of what we might call the greater "Kantian ecosystem. " In addition to the theoretical contributions of Kant's approach to our appreciation of the duties we owe to our natural environment, I will also suggest that Kantian Conservationism and Kantian Preservationism provide a sound moral basis for public policy arguments that wish to take the intrinsic value of humanity and nature into account. By requiring decision makers to consider citizens as ethical ends and nature as a functional end-in-itself, public choice becomes a process of restricting the use of the "kingdom of nature" to the essential requirements of the

The possibility of cooperation

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction: the problem of collective action 2. The prisoners' dilemma, chicken and other games in the provision of public goods 3. The two-person prisoners' dilemma supergame 4. The N-person prisoners' dilemma supergame 5. Altruism and superiority 6. The state 7. Epilogue: cooperation, the state and anarchy Annex Notes Bibliography Index.

Structuring sustainability science

Abstract: It is urgent in science and society to address climate change and other sustainability challenges such as biodiversity loss, deforestation, depletion of marine fish stocks, global ill-health, land degradation, land use change and water scarcity. Sustainability science (SS) is an attempt to bridge the natural and social sciences for seeking creative solutions to these complex challenges. In this article, we propose a research agenda that advances the methodological and theoretical understanding of what SS can be, how it can be pursued and what it can contribute. The key focus is on knowledge structuring. For that purpose, we designed a generic research platform organised as a three-dimensional matrix comprising three components: core themes (scientific understanding, sustainability goals, sustainability pathways); cross-cutting critical and problem-solving approaches; and any combination of the sustainability challenges above. As an example, we insert four sustainability challenges into the matrix (biodiversity loss, climate change, land use changes, water scarcity). Based on the matrix with the four challenges, we discuss three issues for advancing theory and methodology in SS: how new synergies across natural and social sciences can be created; how integrated theories for understanding and responding to complex sustainability issues can be developed; and how theories and concepts in economics, gender studies, geography, political science and sociology can be applied in SS. The generic research platform serves to structure and create new knowledge in SS and is a tool for exploring any set of sustainability challenges. The combined critical and problem-solving approach is essential.

The possibility of altruism

Abstract: The best ebooks about The Possibility Of Altruism that you can get for free here by download this The Possibility Of Altruism and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as the possibility of altruism apa-pacific the possibility of altruism monjaligarden the possibility of altruism by thomas nagel busvoll the possibility of altruism pdf thomas nagel download the possibility of altruism, thomas nagel possibility of altruism pdf wordpress the possibility of altruism by thomas nagel sadac by concealment the possibility of altruism and exposure the possibility of altruism by thomas nagel debius motivation – john broome rolf schock prize in philosophy the possibility of altruism by thomas nagel rewil mencius and the possibility of altruism in early chinese ethics january 2004 the possibility of altruism jstor altruism in experiments university of pittsburgh altruism in experiments university of california, san diego empathy-induced altruistic motivation c daniel batson altruism 0 i society for classical studies the possibility of altruism by thomas nagel egoism, altruism, © the author(s) 2012 effective altruism and christianity: possibilities for levels of altruism portland state university the possibility of altruism by thomas nagel user manuals experimental evidence of reciprocal altruism in the pied the evolution of altruistic behavior the university of chicago greater good the possibility of altruism pdf by thomas nagel theories of human altruism: a systematic review altruism bennington college revealed altruism leeps 1 philosophical background rutgers university the ethics of altruism in clinical research project muse altruism and self-control i dklevine e a sourceforge philosophy 168: kantâ€ÂTMs ethical theory chris korsgaard altruism, cooperation, and efficiency: agricultural basis of altruism and cooperation: plausibility and the ro ots of human altruism harvard university altruism in society: evidence from a natural experiment the possibility of altruism by thomas nagel — reviews nagel, t: the possibility of altruism (ebook and paperback)

The coming of environmental authoritarianism

Abstract: The East Asian region generally and Southeast Asia in particular have long been associated with authoritarian rule. It is argued that the intensification of a range of environmental problems means that authoritarian rule is likely to become even more commonplace there in the future. Countries with limited state capacity will struggle to deal with the consequences of population expansion, economic development and the environmental degradation with which they are associated. A resurgence of authoritarian rule is made even more likely by China's ‘successful’ developmental example and the extent of the region's existing environmental problems. The dispiriting reality may be that authoritarian regimes – unattractive as they may be – may even prove more capable of responding to the complex political and environmental pressures in the region than some of its democracies.

Democratising Global Governance? Stakeholder Democracy after the World Summit on Sustainable Development

Abstract: One of the most pressing problems confronting political scientists today is whether global governance has democratic legitimacy. Drawing on an analysis of the World Summit for Sustainable Developme...