A rapidly growing body of research applies panel methods to examine how temperature, precipitation, and windstorms influence economic outcomes. These studies focus on changes in weather realizations over time within a given spatial area and demonstrate impacts on agricultural output, industrial output, labor productivity, energy demand, health, conflict, and economic growth, among other outcomes. By harnessing exogenous variation over time within a given spatial unit, these studies help credibly identify (i) the breadth of channels linking weather and the economy, (ii) heterogeneous treatment effects across different types of locations, and (iii) nonlinear effects of weather variables. This paper reviews the new literature with two purposes. First, we summarize recent work, providing a guide to its methodologies, datasets, and findings. Second, we consider applications of the new literature, including insights for the "damage function" within models that seek to assess the potential economic effects of future climate change. ( JEL C51, D72, O13, Q51, Q54)

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What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature

David Harvey's adaptation and redeployment of Marx's notion of ‘primitive accumulation’–under the heading of ‘accumulation by dispossession’–has reignited interest in the concept among geographers. This adaptation of the concept of primitive accumulation to different contexts than those Marx analyzed raises a variety of theoretical and practical issues. In this paper, I review recent uses and transformations of the notion of primitive accumulation that focus on its persistence within the Global North, addressing especially the political implications that attend different readings of primitive accumulation in the era of neoliberal globalization.

Primitive accumulation, accumulation by dispossession, accumulation by ‘extra-economic’ means

Scholars of democratic consolidation have come to focus on the links between political institutions and enduring regime outcomes. This article takes issue with the conceptual and analytical underpinnings of this literature by highlighting how new political institutions, rather than securing democratic politics, have in fact had a more checkered effect. It delineates why the theoretical expectations of the democratic consolidation literature have not been realized and draws, by example, on the contemporary ethnic movements that are now challenging third-wave democracies. In particular, it highlights how contemporary indigenous movements, emerging in response to unevenly institutionalized reforms, pose a postliberal challenge to Latin America's I newly founded democracies. These movements have sparked political debates and constitutional reforms over community rights, territorial autonomy, and a multiethnic citizenry. As a whole, I they have laid bare the weakness of state institutions, the contested terms of democracy, and the I indeterminacy of ethnic accommodation in the region. As such, these movements highlight the need to qualify somewhat premature and narrow discussions of democratic consolidation in favor I of a broader research agenda on democratic politics.

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Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and Postliberal Challenge in Latin America

The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–1925. By Herbert G. Gutman. (New York: Pantheon, 1976. xxviii + 664 pp. Illustrations, charts, tables, appendixes, notes, and indexes. $15.95.)

The Mexican Drought Atlas: Tree-Ring Reconstructions of the Soil Moisture Balance During the Late Pre-Hispanic, Colonial, and Modern Eras

The description for this book, From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico: Social Bases of Agrarian Violence, 1750-1940, will be forthcoming.

From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico: Social Bases of Agrarian Violence, 1750-1940

List of Maps ix Prologue: Making Global History in the Spanish Empire 1 A Note on Terminology 27 Introduction: A New World: The Bajio, Spanish North America, and Global Capitalism 29 Part I. Making A New World The Bajio and Spanish North America, 1500-1770 1. Founding the Bajio: Otomi Expansion, Chichimeca War, and Commercial Queretaro, 1500-1660 65 2. Forging Spanish North America: Northward Expansion, Mining Amalgamations, and Patriarchal Communities, 1590-1700 121 3. New World Revivals: Silver Boom, City Lives, Awakenings, and Northward Drives, 1680-1760 159 4. Reforms, Riots, and Repressions: The Bajio in the Crisis of the 1760s 228 Part II. Forging Atlantic Capitalism The Bajio, 1770-1810 5. Capitalist, Priest, and Patriarch: Don Jose Sanchez Espinosa and the Great Family Enterprises of Mexico City, 1780-1810 263 6. Production, Patriarchy, and Polarization in the Cities: Guanajuato, San Miguel, and Queretaro, 1770-1810 300 7. The Challenge of Capitalism in Rural Communities: Production, Ethnicity, and Patriarchy from La Griega to Puerto de Nieto, 1780-1810 352 8. Enlightened Reformers and Popular Religion: Polarizations and Mediations, 1770-1810 403 Conclusion: The Bajio and North America in the Atlantic Crucible 451 Epilogue: Toward Unimagined Revolutions 487 Acknowledgments 493 Appendix A: Employers and Workers at Queretaro, 1588-1699 499 Appendix B: Production, Patriarchy, and Ethnicity in the Bajio Bottomlands, 1670-1685 509 Appendix C: Bajio Population, 1600-1800 529 Appendix D: Eighteenth-Century Economic Indicators: Mining and Taxed Commerce 549 Appendix E: The Sierra Gorda and New Santander, 1740-1760 559 Appendix F: Population, Ethnicity, Family, and Work in Rural Communities, 1791-1792 573 Appendix G: Tribute and Tributaries in the Queretaro District, 1807 609 Notes 617 Bibliography 665 Index 685

Making a New World: Founding Capitalism in the Bajío and Spanish North America

The troubled history of democracy in Latin America has been the subject of much scholarly commentary. This volume breaks new ground by systematically exploring the linkages among the historical legacies of large landholding patterns, agrarian class relations, and authoritarian versus democratic trajectories in Latin American countries. The essays address questions about the importance of large landownders for the national economy, the labor needs and labor relations of these landowners, attempts of landowners to enlist the support of the state to control labor, and the democratic forms of rule in the twentieth century."

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Agrarian Structure and Political Power: Landlord and Peasant in the Making of Latin America

T HE Mexican hacienda, a great agricultural estate, evolved at the junction of Spanish power and Indian resistance.' Through the ownership of rural properties, Spaniards strove to control land and water resources and thus to profit in an economy based on feeding Mexico's urban population. In opposition to the long-term growth of the great estate, Indians struggled to retain subsistence lands, fighting to avoid total dependence on the Spaniards' economy. Estates developed, with important regional variations, from the resolution of this widespread conflict. By the late colonial years the hacienda had become, in the words of Charles Gibson, "the most comprehensive institution yet devised for Spanish mastery and Indian subordination."2 The present inquiry examines the hacienda as a vehicle of SpanishIndian relations at Chalco, a region of fertile lands and dense Indian settlement lying from fifteen to forty miles southeast of Mexico City. Primary attention is focused upon both the persons involved and their relationships: a landed elite residing in the capital and directing the hacienda economy; estate administrators and village priests serving urban, Spanish interests in the rural environment; village leaders tying the Indian population into the wider society; and the Chalco village Indians laboring at the estates yet preserving remarkable social cohesion and autonomy. During the three decades following the achlievement of national

John Tutino

Papers

From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico: Social Bases of Agrarian Violence, 1750-1940

Making a New World: Founding Capitalism in the Bajío and Spanish North America

Agrarian Structure and Political Power: Landlord and Peasant in the Making of Latin America

Hacienda Social Relations in Mexico:The Chalco Region in the Era of Independence

From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico. Social Bases of Agrarian Violence, 1750-1940