Jonathan Fox

Bio: Jonathan Fox is an academic researcher from Bar-Ilan University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Religious discrimination & Ethnic conflict. The author has an hindex of 34, co-authored 120 publications receiving 3658 citations. Previous affiliations of Jonathan Fox include Ohio University.

A World Survey of Religion and the State

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The question of religion's role in politics and society: modernization, secularization, and beyond? 3. Quantifying religion 4. Global GIR from 1990 to 2002 5. Western democracies 6. The former Soviet bloc 7. Asia 8. The Middle East and North Africa 9. Sub-Saharan Africa 10. Latin America 11. Patterns and trends 12. Conclusions.

Bringing Religion Into International Relations

Abstract: Bringing religion into international relations / , Bringing religion into international relations / , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)

A World Survey of Religion and the State: Patterns and Trends

Abstract: As Chapters 5 to 10 have demonstrated in considerable detail, the relationship between religion and state is complex. Furthermore, the perspective from which one views this relationship influences one's conclusions regarding its nature. Chapter 4 provides a macro-level analysis that depicts a number of global trends. First, there has been little change in the basic structure of world government involvement in religion (GIR) – as measured by a state's official relationship with religion and the larger pattern of state treatment of religion. But there has been a shift toward more GIR when examining more specific manifestations of GIR, such as religious discrimination against minorities, regulation of the majority religion ( religious regulation ), and religious legislation . Second, there is a clear difference in the patterns of GIR between different religious traditions. Third, few states have separation of religion and state (SRAS), even when using relatively lax definitions of SRAS. Fourth, economic modernization is linked to higher GIR. Fifth, democracies are shown to have less GIR, on average, than nondemocracies. However, the finer perspective employed in the regional and country breakdowns in Chapters 5 through 10, show that the macro-perspective does not present the entire picture. There are exceptions to each of the general trends revealed by the macro-level analysis. Some democracies have considerable levels of GIR. One of the world's most economically developed states, the USA, has a lower GIR score than any other state in the RAS database.

Religion as an Overlooked Element of International Relations

Abstract: Religion is among the most overlooked factors in the study of international politics. Some reasons for this include a bias against the study of religion that dates to the origins of the social sciences, the influence on social scientists of classical liberal ideas that stress the separation of church and state, and the fact that religion is difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, the essay holds that religion influences international politics in three ways: 1) religion influences the worldviews of many decisionmakers and their constituents and shapes the environment in which decisionmakers act; 2) religion is a source of legitimacy for political decisions and actions; 3) religion is an issue that crosses borders in many ways, including domestic conflicts with international implications. Equally significant are international religious movements, like fundamentalist movements and political Islam, and the foreign policies of theocratic states and other governments, which are guided by religious ideologies. Attention focuses on the international movement for the support of religious rights in the context of the world’s growing interdependence. This underscores the importance of religion in the study of international politics.

World Separation of Religion and State Into the 21st Century

Abstract: This study examines the extent of separation of religion and state (SRAS) between 1990 and 2002 in 152 states using the Religion and State database. The results show that when using a strict interpretation of SRAS—nostate support for religion and no state restrictions on religion–no state has full SRAS except the United States. Even when discounting moderate amounts of government involvement in religion (GIR), greater than three quarters of states do not have SRAS. The findings also show that GIR has increased slightly between 1990 and 2002, economic development is associated with higher levels of GIR, states with Muslim majorities have higher levels of government support for religion, and democracies have higher levels of SRAS than do autocratic states but rarely have full SRAS. This contradicts the idea that SRAS is an essential element of democracy and predictions that religion will cease to be an important political and social factor in modern times.

Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide

Abstract: Part I. Understanding Secularization: 1. The secularization debate 2. Measuring secularization 3. Comparing secularization worldwide Part II. Case Studies of Religion and Politics: 4. The puzzle of secularization in the United States and Western Europe 5. A religious revival in post-communist Europe? 6. Religion and politics in the Muslim world Part III. The Consequences of Secularization: 7. Religion, the Protestant ethic, and moral values 8. Religious organizations and social capital 9. Religious parties and electoral behavior Part IV. Conclusions: 10. Secularization and its consequences 11. Re-examining the theory of existential security 12. Re-examining evidence for the security thesis.

Why Men Rebel

Abstract: Why Men Rebel was first published in 1970 on the heels of a decade of political violence and protest not only in remote corners of Africa and Southeast Asia, but also at home in the United States. Forty years later, the world is riveted on uprisings in the Middle East, and the United States has been overtaken by a focus on international terrorism and a fascination with citizen movements at home and abroad. Do the arguments of 1970 apply today? Why Men Rebel lends new insight into contemporary challenges of transnational recruitment and organization, multimedia mobilization, and terrorism.