Jonathan Steinberg

Bio: Jonathan Steinberg is an academic researcher from Princeton University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Reading comprehension & Reading (process). The author has an hindex of 11, co-authored 39 publications receiving 453 citations.

Identifying the most important 21st century workforce competencies: an analysis of the occupational information network (o*net)

Abstract: To identify the most important competencies for college graduates to succeed in the 21st century workforce, we conducted an analysis of the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database. O*NET is a large job analysis operated and maintained by the U.S. Department of Labor. We specifically analyzed ratings of the importance of abilities (52 ratings), work styles (16 ratings), skills (35 ratings), and knowledge (33 ratings) to succeed in one's occupation. First, we conducted descriptive analyses. Next, data were split into 2 sets, according to the theoretical structure proposed by the O*NET content model, and principal component analyses (PCAs) were run on each dataset. The PCAs identified 15 components: problem solving, mechanical skills, service orientation, cultural literacy, business literacy, science literacy, civic literacy, information processing, athleticism, visual acuity, fluid intelligence, communication skills, teamwork, achievement/innovation, and attention to detail/near vision. Components were then ranked in importance using the mean component scores over all occupations. A comparison of this ranking with previous 21st century competencies frameworks suggested that 5 competencies stand out as important for most occupations: problem solving (e.g., complex problem solving), fluid intelligence (e.g., category flexibility), teamwork (e.g., cooperation), achievement/innovation (e.g., persistence), and communication skills (e.g., oral expression). Consistent with this conclusion, a correlation of component scores with wages found that 4 of these 5 competencies were strongly related to wages, with the exception being teamwork.

Validity and Fairness of State Standards-Based Assessments for English Language Learners

Abstract: English language learners (ELLs) constitute one of the fastest growing subpopulations of students in the United States. It is important to determine whether the assessments used by states in determining students' proficiencies are valid and fair for ELLs. This study focused on several standards-based assessments in mathematics and science administered to 5th and 8th graders. In assessing construct validity, all of the assessments were found to be essentially unidimensional in their underlying factor structure for native English speakers and for several ELL examinee groups. The use of translation glossaries/word lists as a testing accommodation was effective for supporting the unidimensionality of some of these assessments, specifically for the one at the 8th-grade level.

Designing Reading Comprehension Assessments for Reading Interventions: How a Theoretically Motivated Assessment Can Serve as an Outcome Measure

Abstract: When designing a reading intervention, researchers and educators face a number of challenges related to the focus, intensity, and duration of the intervention. In this paper, we argue there is another fundamental challenge—the nature of the reading outcome measures used to evaluate the intervention. Many interventions fail to demonstrate significant improvements on standardized measures of reading comprehension. Although there are a number of reasons to explain this phenomenon, an important one to consider is misalignment between the nature of the outcome assessment and the targets of the intervention. In this study, we present data on three theoretically driven summative reading assessments that were developed in consultation with a research and evaluation team conducting an intervention study. The reading intervention, Reading Apprenticeship, involved instructing teachers to use disciplinary strategies in three domains: literature, history, and science. Factor analyses and other psychometric analyses on data from over 12,000 high school students revealed the assessments had adequate reliability, moderate correlations with state reading test scores and measures of background knowledge, a large general reading factor, and some preliminary evidence for separate, smaller factors specific to each form. In this paper, we describe the empirical work that motivated the assessments, the aims of the intervention, and the process used to develop the new assessments. Implications for intervention and assessment are discussed.

Identifying the Most Important 21st Century Workforce Competencies: An Analysis of the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). Research Report. ETS RR-13-21.

Abstract: To identify the most important competencies for college graduates to succeed in the 21st century workforce, we conducted an analysis of the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database. O*NET is a large job analysis operated and maintained by the U.S. Department of Labor. We specifically analyzed ratings of the importance of abilities (52 ratings), work styles (16 ratings), skills (35 ratings), and knowledge (33 ratings) to succeed in one's occupation. First, we conducted descriptive analyses. Next, data were split into 2 sets, according to the theoretical structure proposed by the O*NET content model, and principal component analyses (PCAs) were run on each dataset. The PCAs identified 15 components: problem solving, mechanical skills, service orientation, cultural literacy, business literacy, science literacy, civic literacy, information processing, athleticism, visual acuity, fluid intelligence, communication skills, teamwork, achievement/innovation, and attention to detail/near vision. Components were then ranked in importance using the mean component scores over all occupations. A comparison of this ranking with previous 21st century competencies frameworks suggested that 5 competencies stand out as important for most occupations: problem solving (e.g., complex problem solving), fluid intelligence (e.g., category flexibility), teamwork (e.g., cooperation), achievement/innovation (e.g., persistence), and communication skills (e.g., oral expression). Consistent with this conclusion, a correlation of component scores with wages found that 4 of these 5 competencies were strongly related to wages, with the exception being teamwork.

Performance and Passing Rate Differences of African American and White Prospective Teachers on PraxisTM Examinations: A Joint Project of the National Education Association (NEA) and Educational Testing Service (ETS)

Abstract: This report focuses on two aspects of teacher supply and quality: (a) the under-representation of racial/ethnic minorities, especially African Americans in the teaching pool, and (b) teacher candidates' performance on licensure assessments, including general skills tests in reading, writing, and mathematics (known as Praxis I®) and selected tests covering areas of content and pedagogy (known as Praxis II®) The report presents trends in the overall and minority teaching workforce, utilizes some of the available PraxisTM program data, combined with interviews of faculty and students involved in college and university teacher preparation programs, to address supply, achievement, and performance gaps between prospective minority and White teachers African American candidates are the focal group in this report, in order to gauge the effect that Praxis has on the supply of prospective African American teachers and to generate ideas for closing gaps Other minority Praxis test-taking populations in the selected states are not included because these are not large enough to produce sufficient data from which to make valid inferences The research was collaboratively planned and guided by National Education Association and Educational Testing Service to use Praxis data for addressing the following questions: (a) What are the trends in minority representation among teacher candidates, (b) What are the differences between majority and minority candidates' performance on both Praxis I and Praxis II, (c) Are the performance differences reflected in the state licensing pass rates of majority and minority candidates, and (d) What factors should be targeted to reduce racial/ethnic group performance differences on Praxis I and Praxis II

Standards for educational and psychological testing

Abstract: Pedagosko i psiholosko testiranje i procjenjivanje spadaju među najvažnije doprinose znanosti o ponasanju nasem drustvu i pružaju temeljna i znacajna poboljsanja u odnosu na ranije postupke. Iako se ne može ustvrditi da su svi testovi dovoljno usavrseni niti da su sva testiranja razborita i korisna, postoji velika kolicina informacija koje ukazuju na ucinkovitost kvalitetnih instrumenata u onim situacijama u kojima je njihovo koristenje potkrijepljeno validacijskim podacima. Pravilna upotreba testova može dovesti do boljih odluka o pojedincima i programima nego sto bi to bio slucaj bez njihovog koristenja, a također i ukazati na put za siri i pravedniji pristup obrazovanju i zaposljavanju. Međutim, losa upotreba testova može dovesti do zamjetne stete nanesene ispitanicima i drugim sudionicima u procesu donosenja odluka na temelju testovnih podataka. Cilj Standarda je promoviranje kvalitetne i eticne upotrebe testova te uspostavljanje osnovice za ocjenu kvalitete postupaka testiranja. Svrha objavljivanja Standarda je uspostavljanje kriterija za evaluaciju testova, provedbe testiranja i posljedica upotrebe testova. Iako bi evaluacija prikladnosti testa ili njegove primjene trebala ovisiti prvenstveno o strucnim misljenjima, Standardi pružaju okvir koji osigurava obuhvacanje svih relevantnih pitanja. Bilo bi poželjno da svi autori, sponzori, nakladnici i korisnici profesionalnih testova usvoje Standarde te da poticu druge da ih također prihvate.

打磨Using Language,倡导新理念

Abstract: 人教版高中英语新课程教材中,语言运用（Using Language）是每个单元必不可少的部分,提供了围绕单元中心话题的听、说、读、写的综合性练习,是单元中心话题的延续和升华.如何设计Using Language部分的教学,使自己的教学模式既不落俗套,又能真正体现新课程标准所倡导的教学理念,正是广大一线英语教师一直努力探索的问题.

Early supplementary feeding and cognition: effects over two decades. Methodology and findings of the longitudinal study.

Abstract: A study was launched in 1969 among a nutritionally at-risk population in the Department of El Progreso Eastern Guatemala to determine if protein deficiency in infants and children delays mental development. It was designed as a clinical prospective trial in which subjects were exposed to either an high-calorie high-protein supplement Atole or a low-calorie supplement Fresco. Medical care was made available to both groups. Data were collected both longitudinally and through follow-up. This chapter focuses upon the longitudinal assessment and presents the methods used for developmental assessments conducted in infancy and the preschool years a review of published findings and the results of a recent reanalysis of data from those two early development periods. Subjects were drawn from two villages located in the department with the pool of potential subjects including all children aged 7 years or younger who lived in the villages at the time the study was initiated all children who moved into the villages during the course of the project and all children born in the villages between January 1 1969 and February 28 1977. In all 2393 children are included in the data set although the number of subjects for whom data are available on any given variable is considerably lower; sample sizes at each age for the tests of mental development ranged from 469 at six months to 857 at four years. Data from the Composite Infant Scale were analyzed using the mental and motor scores obtained at 6 15 and 24 months. A general linear model was used to analyze the data with treatment entered as a class variable and all analyses controlled for socioeconomic status (SES) sex and attendance. The preschool battery was first factor analyzed to reduce the large number of tests which would otherwise be conducted. Only tests considered to have minimally acceptable test-retest stability coefficients were therefore included in the analysis. A few moderately beneficial effects were found from supplementation with Atole with the effects strongest in children from the most needy families on the basis of SES composite score.