Author
Jordanna N. Bergman
Other affiliations: University of South Florida, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Bio: Jordanna N. Bergman is an academic researcher from Carleton University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fishery & Habitat. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 10 publications receiving 79 citations. Previous affiliations of Jordanna N. Bergman include University of South Florida & Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
Topics: Fishery, Habitat, Biology, Biodiversity, Ecology
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of interdisciplinary research that investigates environmental variation in conjunction with physiological processes to understand, and potentially predict, population-level demographic responses, referred to as Environment-Physiology-Demography, or EPD, studies.
29 citations
TL;DR: It is detected a negative impact of warmer seawater temperatures on kelp recovery rates following harvest, indicating that the viability of harvest, even at small scales, may be threatened by future increases in global ocean temperature, and suggests that negative impacts of artisanal fisheries may be more likely to arise in the context of a warming climate.
Abstract: Coastal communities worldwide rely on small-scale artisanal fisheries as a means of increasing food security and alleviating poverty. Even small-scale fishing activities, however, are prone to resource depletion and environmental degradation, which can erode livelihoods in the long run. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify viable and resilient artisanal fisheries, and generate knowledge to support management within the context of a rapidly changing climate. We examined the ecosystem-level consequences of an artisanal kelp fishery (Macrocystis pyrifera), finding small-scale harvest of this highly productive species poses minimal impacts on kelp recovery rates, survival, and biomass dynamics, and abundances of associated commercial and culturally important fish species. These results suggest that small-scale harvest poses minimal trade-offs for the other economic benefits provided by these ecosystems, and their inherent, spiritual, and cultural value to humans. However, we detected a negative impact of warmer seawater temperatures on kelp recovery rates following harvest, indicating that the viability of harvest, even at small scales, may be threatened by future increases in global ocean temperature. This suggests that negative impacts of artisanal fisheries may be more likely to arise in the context of a warming climate, further highlighting the widespread effects of global climate change on coastal fisheries and livelihoods.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesized gray and primary academic literature to investigate the effects of social media on wildlife conservation and found that social media can increase pro-conservation behaviours among the public, increase conservation funding, and incite policy changes.
Abstract: Given its extensive volume and reach, social media has the potential to widely spread conservation messaging and be a powerful tool to mobilize social change for conserving biodiversity. We synthesized gray and primary academic literature to investigate the effects of social media on wildlife conservation, revealing several overarching benefits and risks. We found that social media can increase pro-conservation behaviours among the public, increase conservation funding, and incite policy changes. Conversely, social media can contribute to species exploitation and illegal trade, cause unprecedented increases in tourism in protected areas, and perpetuate anti-conservation behaviours via misinformation. In most cases, we found that content sharing on social media did not result in a detectable impact on conservation; in this paper, however, we focus on providing examples where conservation impact was achieved. We relate these positive and negative outcomes of social media to psychological phenomena that may influence conservation efforts and discuss limitations of our findings. We conclude with recommendations of best practices to social media administrators, public social media users, nongovernmental organizations, and governing agencies to minimize conservation risks while maximizing beneficial outcomes. By improving messaging, policing online misconduct, and providing guidance for action, social media can help achieve wildlife conservation goals.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the concrete conquest of aquatic ecosystems and suggest that the status quo of concrete being the default construction material is failing aquatic ecosystems, so they recommend that efforts are made to explore alternative materials and if concrete must be used, to increase structural complexity to benefit biodiversity.
19 citations
Carleton University1, University of Queensland2, Monash University, Clayton campus3, Trent University4, Deakin University5, National Autonomous University of Mexico6, University of California, Davis7, University of the Witwatersrand8, University of Exeter9, Desert Botanical Garden10, Smithsonian Institution11, University of Windsor12, New England Aquarium13, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research14, University of South Florida15, University of Guelph16, Australian National University17, University of Wollongong18, University of La Rochelle19, James Cook University20, University of Sydney21, University of Adelaide22
TL;DR: In this article, a set of research questions related to the following: adaptation and phenotypic plasticity; human-induced environmental change; humanwildlife interactions; invasive species; methods, biomarkers and monitoring; policy, engagement and communication; pollution; restoration actions; threatened species; and urban systems.
Abstract: Environmental change and biodiversity loss are but two of the complex challenges facing conservation practitioners and policy makers. Relevant and robust scientific knowledge is critical for providing decision-makers with the actionable evidence needed to inform conservation decisions. In the Anthropocene, science that leads to meaningful improvements in biodiversity conservation, restoration and management is desperately needed. Conservation Physiology has emerged as a discipline that is well-positioned to identify the mechanisms underpinning population declines, predict responses to environmental change and test different in situ and ex situ conservation interventions for diverse taxa and ecosystems. Here we present a consensus list of 10 priority research themes. Within each theme we identify specific research questions (100 in total), answers to which will address conservation problems and should improve the management of biological resources. The themes frame a set of research questions related to the following: (i) adaptation and phenotypic plasticity; (ii) human-induced environmental change; (iii) human-wildlife interactions; (iv) invasive species; (v) methods, biomarkers and monitoring; (vi) policy, engagement and communication; (vii) pollution; (viii) restoration actions; (ix) threatened species; and (x) urban systems. The themes and questions will hopefully guide and inspire researchers while also helping to demonstrate to practitioners and policy makers the many ways in which physiology can help to support their decisions.
19 citations
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TL;DR: The Essay concludes that practitioners theorize, and theorists practice, use these intellectual tools differently because the goals and orientations of theorists and practitioners, and the constraints under which they act, differ.
Abstract: Much has been written about theory and practice in the law, and the tension between practitioners and theorists. Judges do not cite theoretical articles often; they rarely "apply" theories to particular cases. These arguments are not revisited. Instead the Essay explores the working and interaction of theory and practice, practitioners and theorists. The Essay starts with a story about solving a legal issue using our intellectual tools - theory, practice, and their progenies: experience and "gut." Next the Essay elaborates on the nature of theory, practice, experience and "gut." The third part of the Essay discusses theories that are helpful to practitioners and those that are less helpful. The Essay concludes that practitioners theorize, and theorists practice. They use these intellectual tools differently because the goals and orientations of theorists and practitioners, and the constraints under which they act, differ. Theory, practice, experience and "gut" help us think, remember, decide and create. They complement each other like the two sides of the same coin: distinct but inseparable.
2,077 citations
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01 Nov 2011
TL;DR: The methodology used in EPA's Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to estimate streamlined life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors for concrete beginning at the point of waste generation is described in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter describes the methodology used in EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to estimate streamlined life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors for concrete beginning at the point of waste generation. The WARM GHG emission factors are used to compare the net emissions associated with concrete in the following two waste management alternatives: recycling and landfilling. Exhibit 1 shows the general outline of materials management pathways for concrete in WARM. For background information on the general purpose and function of WARM emission factors, see the Introduction & Overview chapter. For more information on Recycling and Landfilling, see the chapters devoted to these processes. WARM also allows users to calculate results in terms of energy, rather than GHGs. The energy results are calculated using the same methodology described here but with slight adjustments, as explained in the Energy Impacts chapter.
364 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In the past half century, threats to kelp forests have increased in number and severity, leading to a global decline of kelp abundances of ~ 2% per year.
Abstract: Kelp forests are extensive underwater habitats that range along 25% of the world’s coastlines, providing valuable resources, habitat, and services for coastal communities. They grow best in cold, nutrient-rich water, where they attain some of the highest rates of primary production of any natural ecosystem. Kelps exhibit a great diversity of growth forms and life strategies, with the largest individuals reaching lengths of > 30 m and biomasses of 42 kg. In the past half century, threats to kelp forests have increased in number and severity, leading to a global decline of kelp abundances of ~ 2% per year. Trajectories of change vary considerable across regions and include range contractions, range expansions, species replacements, establishment of invasive kelps, replacement by turf algae reefs, or regime shifts to sea urchin barrens. These changes will likely have significant impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning because kelps are foundation species for a plethora of habitat-associated plants and animals, many of which are socioeconomically important. Some forms of management have been effective in restoring kelp forests, but in many cases the threats facing kelp forests in the future greatly exceed local conservation strategies, necessitating novel conservation solutions to protect and conserve these ecosystems. Although the diversity of changes to kelp forest globally make it challenging to generalize about their future, it seems almost certain that many kelp forests a few decades from now will differ substantially from what they are today.
202 citations
TL;DR: As the popularity of seaweeds increases and the use of less traditional species with novel applications comes to the fore, it is critically important to make certain that the sustainability of the resource is ensured given the increased pressures of harvesting.
Abstract: Macroalgae have played an important role in coastal communities for centuries. In the past, they have been harvested and gathered from shorelines around the world for traditional uses such as food,...
120 citations
Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University1, Leibniz Association2, Humboldt University of Berlin3, University of Bucharest4, Free University of Berlin5, University of New Brunswick6, Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute7, University of Barcelona8, University of Leeds9, Chinese Academy of Sciences10, Norwegian University of Life Sciences11, American Museum of Natural History12, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos13, Carleton University14, IMDEA15, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven16, Naturalis17, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18, University of Hong Kong19, Ateneo de Manila University20, Museum für Naturkunde21, Technische Universität München22, Ghent University23, Zoological Society of London24, University of Ghana25, University of Potsdam26, University of Costa Rica27, University of Duisburg-Essen28, University of Koblenz and Landau29, Utah State University30, Finnish Environment Institute31, University of Nevada, Reno32, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications33, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences34, Kabale University35, EARTH University36, Trinity College, Dublin37, Stockholm Resilience Centre38, Norwegian Institute for Water Research39, University of Münster40, University of Otago41, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources42, University of the Philippines Diliman43, National Institute for Environmental Studies44, Ilia State University45, University of Douala46, University of Mississippi47, Rhodes University48, World Wide Fund for Nature49, University of Giessen50, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies51, North Carolina State University52, University of the South Pacific53, Stellenbosch University54, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna55, University of Bern56, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology57, Tribhuvan University58, Kathmandu University59, University of Helsinki60, University of Vermont61, Braunschweig University of Technology62, François Rabelais University63, University of Kansas64, Goethe University Frankfurt65, University of Canterbury66, University of California, Santa Barbara67, Federal University of Paraná68, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ69
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified 15 pressing priority needs, grouped into five research areas, in an effort to support informed stewardship of freshwater biodiversity, and proposed a global biodiversity research agenda aiming to advance freshwater biodiversity research globally.
Abstract: Global freshwater biodiversity is declining dramatically, and meeting the challenges of this crisis requires bold goals and the mobilisation of substantial resources. While the reasons are varied, investments in both research and conservation of freshwater biodiversity lag far behind those in the terrestrial and marine realms. Inspired by a global consultation, we identify 15 pressing priority needs, grouped into five research areas, in an effort to support informed stewardship of freshwater biodiversity. The proposed agenda aims to advance freshwater biodiversity research globally as a critical step in improving coordinated actions towards its sustainable management and conservation.
69 citations