José A. López-López

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of recent developments in liquid-membrane (LM) technology for trace-metal speciation and determination in natural waters, taking into account the importance of heavy-metal species distribution to understand their behavior and bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness supported the research project PGC2018-676-101894-B-I00 through the pre-doctoral grant FPU15/03924 and the University of Cadiz for the postdoctoral grant 2019-011/PU/676/676AY.

TL;DR: Three novel ammonium and phosphonium ILs based on 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and methyltrioctylammonium are synthesized to improve stability during extraction while still achieving high selectivity toward heavy metal ions, as well as to study the impact of different alkyl chains and the central atom of the cation on physico-chemical properties, extraction efficacy, and leaching.

TL;DR: Solvent bar micro-extraction (SBME) as discussed by the authors was introduced to improve some aspects of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and has rapidly evolved and gained increasing interest.

TL;DR: A three phase solvent bar micro-extraction system containing the ionic liquid trioctylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat® 336) has been used for isolation and pre-concentration of Cd from seawater samples, due to its ability for ionic exchange of C dCln(n-2)-.