How are public spaces regulated in tourist cities? In this doctoral dissertation I seek to answer this question by exploring the intersections between urban tourism and public space regulation. I argue that public space regulation substantially differs from the tourist to the non-tourist zone. This thesis contradicts the common belief that public space regulation may vary from city to city, but remains basically the same across the interior space of the city. It also makes possible to appreciate the extent to which the normative dimension of the production of space is related to patterns of uneven development and spatial injustices. Three main assertions corroborate this central proposition. First, I argue that there is a divide between the tourist zone and the rest of the city, which is closely related to the ways in which norms regulating public spaces are spatialized. Second, I suggest that the differences in terms of public space regulation exist because the public in the tourist zone is controlled by the state by means of mechanisms that discourage particular social groups’ actions and discourses. The third assertion is that the differences in terms of regulation are also due to the priority given by the state to the tourist zone when allocating resources to the promotion of public uses. The present study is designed as a multiple case study analysis. The evidence comes from the case studies of Acapulco (Mexico), San Sebastian (Spain), and Florianopolis (Brazil). The theoretical framework combines the theory of the production of space, the theory of property relations, the theory of norms, and the theory of tourist attractions. Part of the empirical data was assembled through extensive fieldwork, which included sessions of direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and collection of tourist materials. This was supplemented by data gathered from documents, newspaper reports, and contextual literature. The case studies were designed to have four thematic examples of conflict over public spaces embedded. Street vending and political activism are the themes that demonstrate the state’s repressive role in controlling the public, while street maintenance and square redevelopment projects are themes discussed to point to the state’s promotional role in allocating resources to the promotion of public uses. This doctoral dissertation is divided into three parts. In Part I, I review the literature on public spaces showing the shortcomings of legal dogmatics and urban sociology approaches, and positioning my study within the discipline of sociology of law. I also discuss the main debates in the field of legal geography and elaborate on the theoretical framework of the present investigation. Finally, I justify the selection of cases and embedded themes to be studied, as well as explaining the methodological design. Part II presents the case studies of public space regulation in the cities of Acapulco, San Sebastian, and Florianopolis. In Part III, through a cross-case analysis, I show how norms regulating public spaces in tourist cities can be spatialized in terms of jurisdictional spaces, spatial zoning, and territorial spaces. In addition, I demonstrate that differences of regulation between the tourist zone and the non-tourist zone are constitutive of spaces that are described metaphorically as ‘postcards of exclusion’ and ‘places off the map’. (Less)

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/5224813/3562569.pdf

Norms and Space. Understanding Public Space Regulation in the Tourist City

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Stimulating innovation in brazil: a study of intellectual property law, biotechnology and open scientific innovation

With the understanding of nature in terms of ecosystem services and the recognition of the vital role these play for human wellbeing (Millennium Assessment, 2005), the value of the natural realm is scientifically and socially defined while at the same time institutionalised. Within this frame of interpretation, nature is a supplier of provision-ing, regulating, supporting welfare and cultural services, thus becoming not only a life-enabling factor for humanity but also a conceptual construct comparable to cornerstones of democracy, such as equality, freedom and citizenship. The idea of green infrastructure is another recently coined term envisioning nature in cities in the form of a net-work and enabling a broad life-furthering vision of society. Standards for green open spaces embedded in some planning frameworks further state the right for all to a common good. Yet, evidence shows that this common right is not always met. Within the current context of advanced and neoliberal capitalism, green areas are sometimes used as an added financial value for real estate, thus increasing restrictions to their free access and full utilization. In developing countries with young democracies, such as Brazil, this process implies another significant factor of social inequality insofar the restricted access to nature by the poorest people means also diminished food safety, and the jeopardizing of certain cultural practices. In developed countries, loss of land for food production and movements reclaiming the right to the city by squatting unoccupied open spaces to initiate community gar-dens, demonstrates that the access to green spaces is also problematic, although in different ways if compared to developing countries. This chapter contributes to this topic by discussing the inequality in provision of green spaces in informal settlements and social housing development in Brazil, as well as in the globalised north. The chapter concludes with recommendations to enhance democracy through a just provision of nature in cities.

Planning Cities with Nature : Theories, Strategies and Methods

[ES] La teoria fundamental de la tesis se basa en la filosofia politica liberal del economista austriaco Friedrich August von Hayek concentrada en el Estado Minimo, que seria dedicado exclusivamente a las funciones clasicas del estado democratico moderno: salud, educacion, infraestructura y seguridad, delegando otras actividades al sector privado. Los fundamentos de la libertad como un principio moral y los principios de la justicia y la paz en el ambiente politico-economico sin intervencion del Estado son presupuestos. Se analiza la Constitucion brasilena de 1988 a la luz de las ideas de Hayek. Se presentaran la naturaleza humana de la corrupcion publica en los confines politicos y economicos de un Estado Democratico de Derecho, las cuestiones semanticas y culturales de esta patologia social con caracteristicas de la corrupcion sistemica, y en emanacion, a los crimenes caracteristicos contra la Administracion Publica. Se elaboro una propuesta con 13 (trece) sugestiones practicas para hacer retroceder las fronteras politicas y economicas del Estado Brasileno a traves del ahorro de recursos publicos para una asignacion mas eficiente en las areas sociales prioritarias para los administrados, y por consecuencia, la disminucion tambien de la corrupcion mediante la reduccion de las oportunidades economicas, por retirar al Estado Brasileno la condicion de gran inversor. En conclusion, el corrupto sigue el camino del dinero

/pdf/el-estado-minimo-de-friedrich-august-von-hayek-y-el-combate-33uxkbfmrg.pdf

El estado mínimo de Friedrich August von Hayek y el combate a la corrupción del estado democrático brasileño. (Una propuesta para hacer retroceder a las fronteras del estado brasileño)

Legal barriers to adaptive coastal management at a coastal erosion hotspot in Florianópolis, Brazil

1. Introdução. 2. Conceito de eficácia e aplicabilidade. 3. Conceito de normas constitucionais. 4. Estrutura das normas constitucionais. 5. O problema da eficácia e da aplicabilidade das normas constitucionais. 6. A tríplice característica das normas constitucionais quanto à eficácia e aplicabilidade. 7. Normas constitucionais de eficácia plena. 8. Normas constitucionais de eficácia contida. 9. Normas constitucionais de eficácia limitada. 9.1. Normas constitucionais de princípio institutivo. 9.2. Normas constitucionais de princípio programático. 9.2.1. Conceito. 9.2.2. Localização das normas programáticas. 9.2.3. Normas programáticas e direitos sociais. 9.2.4. Normas programáticas e fins da ordem econômica e social. 9.2.5. Normas programáticas e princípios constitucionais. 9.2.6. Normas programáticas no sistema constitucional brasileiro. 9.2.7. Natureza dos direitos sociais. 9.2.8. Juridicidade. 9.2.9. Função e relevância. 9.2.10. Normas programáticas e regime político. 9.2.11. Normas programáticas e interpretação do Direito. 9.2.12. Normas programáticas e constitucionalidade das leis. 9.2.13. Normas programáticas e leis anteriores incompatíveis. 9.2.14. Condições gerais de aplicabilidade. 10. Instrumentos da eficácia constitucional.

http://hp.unifor.br/pdfs_notitia/2641.pdf

Aplicabilidade das normas constitucionais

Direito Urbanístico brasileiro

Comentário contextual à constituição

I - Introducao. 2 - Cidadania e seus direitos. 3 - Acesso a Justica. 4 - Justica igual para todos. 5 - Acesso a Justica e organizacao judiciaria. 6 - Pontos da reforma judiciaria. 7. Conclusao.

/pdf/acesso-a-justica-e-cidadania-rzde875vs5.pdf

Acesso à justiça e cidadania

https://bdjur.stj.jus.br/jspui/bitstream/2011/113012/1/processo_constitucional_formacao_silva.pdf

José Afonso da Silva

Papers

Aplicabilidade das normas constitucionais

Direito Urbanístico brasileiro

Comentário contextual à constituição

Acesso à justiça e cidadania

Processo constitucional de formação das leis