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José Campos

Bio: José Campos is an academic researcher from University of Valencia. The author has contributed to research in topics: Throwing & Vertical jump. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 23 publications receiving 277 citations.
Topics: Throwing, Vertical jump, Javelin, Jump, Sprint

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that lifters belonging to heavier categories are more efficient, as they manage to have longer barbell propulsion trajectories, which allows them to exert actions on the barbell for longer period, especially in the initial lifting phase.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the technical pattern of the snatch in elite junior weightlifters of different weight categories. The sample was a group of 33 men weightlifters from different weight categories. The comparative study included 2 groups, taking into account weight categories. Group A included 17 weightlifters from the lightest categories, 56 and 62 kg; group B included 16 weightlifters from the heaviest categories, 85 and 105 kg. Three-dimensional photogrammetry technique was utilized. Regarding group differences, we can conclude that lifters belonging to heavier categories are more efficient, as they manage to have longer barbell propulsion trajectories, which allows them to exert actions on the barbell for a longer period, especially in the initial lifting phase. They attain greater barbell vertical velocity (p = 0.029), a longer vertical bar trajectory normalized on first pull (p = 0.011), and a greater, although limited, bar height loss on the catch (p = 0.008). Besides, intergroup differences evidence that heavier category lifters observe a different temporal organization of the movement based on a longer first pull (p = 0.000), a shorter transition (p = 0.030), and a longer turnover (p = 0.049). No significant differences were found in the analyzed angular parameters during the first and second pull. We believe the intergroup differences found not to be determining enough to consider a technical model adapted to the characteristics of each body weight category. This confirms that a successful lift is multifactor based and individual dependent. Given its transcendence, this evidence should be taken into account in the technical training of young lifters.

62 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the horizontal forces exerted on feet and hands were obtained from separate force plates, and the results showed no significant difference in horizontal velocity between the two types of start and only trivial differences in the center of mass positions.
Abstract: Pre-tensed and conventional starts that exert, respectively, large and small forces against the starting blocks in the "set" position (0.186 vs. 0.113 N per newton of body weight) were analyzed. The starts were videotaped, and the horizontal forces exerted on feet and hands were obtained from separate force plates. In the pre-tensed start, the legs received larger forward impulses early in the acceleration (0.18 vs. 0.15 N x s per kilogram of mass in the first 0.05 s), but the hands received larger backward impulses (-0.08 vs. -0.04 N x s x kg(-1)). At the end of the acceleration phase, there was no significant difference in horizontal velocity between the two types of start and only trivial differences in the center of mass positions. The results did not show a clear performance change when the feet were pressed hard against the blocks while waiting for the gun.

37 citations

01 Dec 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a programa of ejercicio fisico based on the desarrollo de la fuerza (entrenamiento en circuito) was presented.
Abstract: la actualidad se ofertan una gran cantidad de programas de ejercicio fisico dirigidos a personas mayores cuyo objetivo fundamental esta centrado en mejorar la calidad de vida de este colectivo de ciudadanos. Como consecuencia de la puesta en marcha de este tipo de programas han aparecido nuevas metodologias de entrenamiento adaptadas a las caracteristicas evolutivas y adaptativas de esta poblacion. El presente trabajo estudia los efectos de la aplicacion de un programa de ejercicio fisico basado en el desarrollo de la fuerza sobre tres variables caracteristicas del bienestar psicologico: el autoconcepto fisico, la autoestima global y la satisfaccion con la vida. La muestra estaba compuesta por 90 mujeres mayores de 55 anos que se encontraban inscritas en programas de actividad fisica en diferentes municipios de la Comunidad Valenciana. El programa de ejercicio fisico basado en el desarrollo de la fuerza (entrenamiento en circuito) se aplico durante un periodo de 6 meses. Se evaluaron los niveles de fuerza en diversos grupos musculares, asi como las untuaciones alcanzadas en las diferentes variables psicologicas al inicio y a la finalizacion del programa. Tras la finalizacion del programa, se observo un incremento significativo en los niveles de fuerza (p .05) y en todas las variables psicologicas estudiadas: autoconcepto fisico (p .05), autoestima global (p .01) y satisfaccion con la vida (p .001). Los resultados aportan evidencias acerca del efecto positivo que este tipo de practicas de actividad fisica tienen, no solo sobre el desarrollo y mantenimiento de cualidades fisicas, sino tambien sobre el bienestar psicologico.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The kinematics analysis of goalkeepers' movements indicated that there was an anticipatory strategy of movement with certain modifications when there was greater uncertainty, and all the average scores referring to velocity and lateral movement of the goalkeeper's centre of mass are significantly greater than those recorded for the experimental situation with bigger uncertainty.
Abstract: This study seeks to discover whether handball goalkeepers employ a general anticipatory strategy when facing long distance throws and the effect of uncertainty on these strategies. Seven goalkeepers and four throwers took part. We used a force platform to analyse the goalkeeper's movements on the basis of reaction forces and two video cameras synchronised at 500 Hz to film the throw using 3D video techniques. The goalkeepers initiated their movement towards the side of the throw 193 ± 67 ms before the release of the ball and when the uncertainty was reduced the time increased to 349 ± 71 ms. The kinematics analysis of their centre of mass indicated that there was an anticipatory strategy of movement with certain modifications when there was greater uncertainty. All the average scores referring to velocity and lateral movement of the goalkeeper's centre of mass are significantly greater than those recorded for the experimental situation with bigger uncertainty. The methodology used has enabled us ...

29 citations

01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The pattern of motion used in the javelin throw is similar to other movements used when striking or throwing an object as mentioned in this paper, and the body segments act sequentially to attain the maximum speed in the most distal segment of the system at the instant when the object is struck or thrown.
Abstract: The pattern of motion used in the javelin throw is similar to other movements used when striking or throwing an object. These are characterised by the fact that the body segments act sequentially to attain the maximum speed in the most distal segment of the system at the instant when the object is struck or thrown (Atwater, 1979; Menzel, 1987). Javelin throwing technique has been described in A A U T H O R S Dr. José Campos it the Director of the Research in Sport Performance Unit in the Department of Physical Education and Sport at the University of Valencia (Spain). He was formerly responsible for the Javelin Throw in the Spanish Athletic Federation and was Coordinator for Biomechanical studies.

27 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The acute exercise-induced testosterone, cortisol and growth hormone responses of weightlifters have similarities to that of following conventional strength and hypertrophy protocols involving large muscle mass exercises.
Abstract: Weightlifting is a dynamic strength and power sport in which two, multijoint, whole-body lifts are performed in competition; the snatch and clean and jerk. During the performance of these lifts, weightlifters have achieved some of the highest absolute and relative peak power outputs reported in the literature. The training structure of competitive weightlifters is characterized by the frequent use of high-intensity resistance exercise movements. Varied coaching and training philosophies currently exist around the world and further research is required to substantiate the best type of training programme for male and female weightlifters of various age groups. As competitive weightlifting is contested over eight male and seven female body weight categories, the anthropometric characteristics of the athletes widely ranges. The body compositions of weightlifters are similar to that of athletes of comparable body mass in other strength and power sports. However, the shorter height and limb lengths of weightlifters provide mechanical advantages when lifting heavy loads by reducing the mechanical torque and the vertical distance that the barbell must be displaced. Furthermore, the shorter body dimensions coincide with a greater mean skeletal muscle cross-sectional area that is advantageous to weightlifting performance. Weightlifting training induces a high metabolic cost. Although dietary records demonstrate that weightlifters typically meet their required daily energy intake, weightlifters have been shown to over consume protein and fat at the expense of adequate carbohydrate. The resulting macronutrient imbalance may not yield optimal performance gains. Cross-sectional data suggest that weightlifting training induces type IIX to IIA fibre-type transformation. Furthermore, weightlifters exhibit hypertrophy of type II fibres that is advantageous to weightlifting performance and maximal force production. As such, the isometric peak force and contractile rate of force development of weightlifters is ~15–20% and ~13–16% greater, respectively, than in other strength and power athletes. In addition, weightlifting training has been shown to reduce the typical sex-related difference in the expression of neuromuscular strength and power. However, this apparent sex-related difference appears to be augmented with increasing adult age demonstrating that women undergo a greater age-related decline in muscle shortening velocity and peak power when compared with men. Weightlifting training and competition has been shown to induce significant structural and functional adaptations of the cardiovascular system. The collective evidence shows that these adaptations are physiological as opposed to pathological. Finally, the acute exercise-induced testosterone, cortisol and growth hormone responses of weightlifters have similarities to that of following conventional strength and hypertrophy protocols involving large muscle mass exercises. The routine assessment of the basal testosterone: cortisol ratio may be beneficial when attempting to quantify the adaptive responses to weightlifting training. As competitive weightlifting is becoming increasingly popular around the world, further research addressing the physiological responses and adaptations of female weightlifters and younger (i.e. ≤17 years of age) and older (i.e. ≥35 years of age) weightlifters of both sexes is required.

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that CMJ and AJ are the most reliable tests for the estimation of explosive force in soccer and basketball players in different age categories.
Abstract: Rodriguez-Rosell, D, Mora-Custodio, R, Franco-Marquez, F, Yanez-Garcia, JM, Gonzalez-Badillo, JJ Traditional vs sport-specific vertical jump tests: reliability, validity, and relationship with the legs strength and sprint performance in adult and teen soccer and basketball players J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 196-206, 2017-The vertical jump is considered an essential motor skill in many team sports Many protocols have been used to assess vertical jump ability However, controversy regarding test selection still exists based on the reliability and specificity of the tests The main aim of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity of 2 standardized (countermovement jump [CMJ] and Abalakov jump [AJ]) and 2 sport-specific (run-up with 2 [2-LEGS] or 1 leg [1-LEG] take-off jump) vertical jump tests, and their usefulness as predictors of sprint and strength performance for soccer (n = 127) and basketball (n = 59) players in 3 different categories (Under-15, Under-18, and Adults) Three attempts for each of the 4 jump tests were recorded Twenty-meter sprint time and estimated 1 repetition maximum in full squat were also evaluated All jump tests showed high intraclass correlation coefficients (0969-0995) and low coefficients of variation (154-482%), although 1-LEG was the jump test with the lowest absolute and relative reliability All selected jump tests were significantly correlated (r = 0580-0983) Factor analysis resulted in the extraction of one principal component, which explained 8290-9579% of the variance of all jump tests The 1-LEG test showed the lowest associations with sprint and strength performance The results of this study suggest that CMJ and AJ are the most reliable tests for the estimation of explosive force in soccer and basketball players in different age categories

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Ramadan model provides an alternative to those for ageing, nocturnal shift-work and time-zone transitions in understanding the links between behaviour and endogenous circadian rhythms.

126 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of previous weightlifting literature suggests that the clean pull, snatch pull, hang high pull, jump shrug, and mid-thigh pull may provide a training stimulus that is as good as, if not better than, weightlifting movements that include the catch phase.
Abstract: This review article examines previous weightlifting literature and provides a rationale for the use of weightlifting pulling derivatives that eliminate the catch phase for athletes who are not competitive weightlifters. Practitioners should emphasize the completion of the triple extension movement during the second pull phase that is characteristic of weightlifting movements as this is likely to have the greatest transference to athletic performance that is dependent on hip, knee, and ankle extension. The clean pull, snatch pull, hang high pull, jump shrug, and mid-thigh pull are weightlifting pulling derivatives that can be used in the teaching progression of the full weightlifting movements and are thus less complex with regard to exercise technique. Previous literature suggests that the clean pull, snatch pull, hang high pull, jump shrug, and mid-thigh pull may provide a training stimulus that is as good as, if not better than, weightlifting movements that include the catch phase. Weightlifting pulling derivatives can be implemented throughout the training year, but an emphasis and de-emphasis should be used in order to meet the goals of particular training phases. When implementing weightlifting pulling derivatives, athletes must make a maximum effort, understand that pulling derivatives can be used for both technique work and building strength–power characteristics, and be coached with proper exercise technique. Future research should consider examining the effect of various loads on kinetic and kinematic characteristics of weightlifting pulling derivatives, training with full weightlifting movements as compared to training with weightlifting pulling derivatives, and how kinetic and kinematic variables vary between derivatives of the snatch.

101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the type of ball recovery in different pitch zones, the competition stages and the overall teams success in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and found that direct ball recovery, in particular by interception and defensive behavior followed by a pass, was the mostly frequent behavior, with the later inducing attacking play efficacy.
Abstract: In soccer, it seems relevant to understand the relationship between the ball recovering and the subsequent success or failure of attacking play. However, few studies have considered the links between the type of ball recovery in different pitch zones, the competition stages and the overall teams success. The present study aims to analyze the attacks (n = 1619) carried out by the semi-finalist teams in the 2010 FIFA World Cup in order to explore ball recovery patterns as a performance indicator. SoccerEye observational instrument, SoccerEye recording software, Sequential Data Interchange Standard-Generalized Sequential Querier (SDIS-GSEQ) and SPSS analytic software—one-way analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance and regressions—were applied. Direct ball recovery, in specific by interception and defensive behavior followed by a pass, was the mostly frequent behavior, with the later inducing attacking play efficacy (p<0.017). Differences were detected between the group and play-off stages with reg...

93 citations