As a much-needed update to its 2004 “Understanding Metadata” primer, the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) engaged McGill University's Jenn Riley to modernize and bring the text up...

Understanding Metadata: What is Metadata, and What is it For?,

Traditionally connected to philosophy, the term ontology is increasingly related to information systems areas. Some researchers consider the approaches of the two disciplinary contexts to be completely different. Others consider that, although different, they should talk to each other, as both seek to answer similar questions. With the extensive literature on this topic, we intend to contribute to the understanding of the use of the term ontology in current research and which references support this use. An exploratory study was developed with a mixed methodology and a sample collected from the Web of Science of articles published in 2018. The results show the current prevalence of computer science in studies related to ontology and also of Gruber's view suggesting ontology as kind of conceptualization, a dominant view in that field. Some researchers, particularly in the field of biomedicine, do not adhere to this dominant view but to another one that seems closer to ontological study in the philosophical context. The term ontology, in the context of information systems, appears to be consolidating with a meaning different from the original, presenting traces of the process of “metaphorization” in the transfer of the term between the two fields of study.

https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0943-7444-2020-3-199.pdf

What Researchers are Currently Saying about Ontologies: A Review of Recent Web of Science Articles

Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata is the first in a set of two books written by Karen Coyle and published in the Library Technology Reports series by ALA TechSource. T...

A Review of “Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata”

Situation Assessment (SA) approaches aim to provide powerful resources to support decision makers in enhancing their Situational Awareness (SAW). The process of SA in emergency response systems is of utmost importance once the information acquired and inferred from human reports is used to support the deployment of tactics and resources to attend incidents. However, operators of such systems may face informational barriers leading to an erroneous SAW and consequently jeopardize the assessment process if they are not handled. One of such barriers in this context is the presence of low-quality data or information. Hence, a challenging issue in this field is to determine how to generate, score, update and represent data and information quality cues to support operators to reason under uncertainties and improve their understanding about an ongoing situation. The state of the art in this area presents a research gap regarding methodologies for the information quality assessment which can be used in the emergency management domain. Also, there is a lack of approaches that interface with different levels of situational information during an assessment routine. Hence, in order to enhance operators situational awareness, a new methodology is presented to improve the capabilities of SA systems by enriching knowledge about situations with reliable metadata. Such methodology, named Information Quality Assessment Methodology in the Context of Emergency situational awareness, is composed by: elicitation of data and information quality requirements; definition of functions and metrics to quantify quality dimensions, such as completeness, timeliness, consistency, relevance and uncertainty; and the representation of situational information by the instantiation of a situation model, which can be consumed by an ontology. Finally, a case study is addressed to verify the applicability of the methodology using data and information from a robbery event. The results obtained show situational models with qualified information that feed SA systems, enabling them to be aware of information quality.

Methodology for Data and Information Quality Assessment in the Context of Emergency Situational Awareness

A presente pesquisa situa-se no âmbito da organizacao da informacao em catalogos de bibliotecas com enfoque na representacao descritiva e nos formatos de intercâmbio de dados. A investigacao aqui proposta se dara por meio de uma pesquisa bibliografica e de natureza descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Constitui-se como objetivo conhecer caracteristicas da trajetoria e da estrutura da descricao de livros impressos nos diferentes formatos de descricao bibliografica, tais como: o CALCO, o IBICT, o CCF, o UNIMARC e outros, realizando um cotejamento destes com as caracteristicas do padrao MARC 21. Para atender o objetivo proposto, foram delimitados os seguintes objetivos especificos: identificar formatos de descricao e intercâmbio de dados utilizados em bibliotecas e seus principios norteadores; enfatizar a importância de se adotar as regras de descricao e os formatos de intercâmbio para a Representacao Descritiva em sistemas de bibliotecas; e apontar em que aspectos a estrutura de descricao dos dados de outros formatos de intercâmbio se assemelham ou se diferenciam do Formato MARC 21.

/pdf/representacao-descritiva-da-informacao-em-bibliotecas-um-4o7nghuwjf.pdf

Representação descritiva da informação em bibliotecas: um estudo sobre os formatos de intercâmbio

Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD) systems provide powerful resources to support emergency operators (dispatchers) in their activity. However, these dispatchers can work under heavy stress, which can lead to failure to get necessary information, resulting in unsuccessful response to calls. One challenging issue to better support operators in stressing calls is to determine how to generate, score and represent informational quality cues to help them to reason under uncertainties and improve their understanding about an ongoing situation (situational awareness - SAW). In such a context, the poor knowledge about the entities involved in a situation and what is really going on may lead to wrong decision-making. One of the gaps in the state-of-the-art research in this area is the lack of a common ground regarding information quality. This is due to domain-specific demands and the absence of a comprehensive framework of information quality that interface with different levels of knowledge during a situation assessment cycle. Hence, in order to improve dispatchers’ situational awareness, we present a new conceptual framework to support decision making in emergency call situations by enriching situations knowledge with reliable metadata and successive reassessments of information quality. The framework’s requirements elicitation was carried out with police experts as well as the definition and application of information quality scoring criteria and the representation of such scores along with a semantic knowledge representation model. The framework application on real robbery reporting calls has indicated very positive results.

/pdf/conceptual-framework-to-enrich-situation-awareness-of-w0bibgv7jy.pdf

Conceptual Framework to Enrich Situation Awareness of Emergency Dispatchers

In 2001 Tim Berners-Lee revealed to the world what he
wanted for the future of Web - man and machine working
together to develop complex tasks, and that the Web could
leverage the way human knowledge is acquired. Since then
researchers from different fields of knowledge have engaged
in scientific and empirical research to make this dream come
true. In this context, the research problem of this article is
established: What is the current situation of Semantic Web
research in Brazil in Information Science? Who are the researchers of this theme in our country? What are the institutions that support these studies? The present study aimed at
listing the most productive authors, institutions that support
their research and the specific issues of their investigations.
We conducted a literature review in Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periodicos em Ciencia da Informacao
(BRAPCI). We retrieved 41 articles, excluded five for not
belonging to Brazilian authors and Brazilian institutions.
From the analysis of this corpus, we realized the need to include additional keywords to better understanding of specific
studies encompassed by the theme. Thus, we included the
keywords: SPARQL, SKOS, RDF and ontology. It was concluded that the studies on the Semantic Web under the aegis
of Information Science mostly perform theoretical and philosophical studies, while the computer science professionals
seek practical applications of the topic. It was also concluded
that a study including other databases could reveal other authors and institutions relevant to the subject of study.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5295292.pdf

Web semântica no repositório brapci: uma revisão da literatura

Introducao : A Web Semântica apresenta tecnologias e conceitos que perpassam por questoes como descricao, representacao e consultas dos dados. Neste cenario, as ontologias contextualizam as informacoes, permitindo geracao de inferencias. A linguagem OWL possui caracteristicas que facilitam a insercao de logica nos dados, sendo um elemento essencial para a Web Semântica e o Linked Data . Contudo, questiona-se: como essas inferencias podem ser visualizadas e utilizadas na Web Semântica. Objetivo : Analisar os tipos inferencia no contexto das tecnologias da Web Semântica, e consequentemente ao Linked Data . Metodologia : Consistiu-se em duas partes, sendo a primeira um levantamento bibliografico para discussao do tema, e na segunda um estudo exploratorio baseado em provas de conceitos e testes de uso de inferencias. Resultados : Identificamos e apresentamos quatro formas de realizacao de inferencias, fazendo testes que comprovem sua aplicacao. Conclusoes : O uso de inferencias em ontologias pode se dar de diversas formas, existindo uma variacao na expressividade que os tipos de inferencias possuem. Verificamos que as inferencias podem agregar logica as representacoes dos dados, visto que, a contextualizacao das informacoes com o uso de ontologias contem axiomas, aumentando a capacidade representacional das informacoes ao se utilizar inferencias. Destaca-se a linguagem OWL como referencia para enriquecimento e insercao de axiomas na construcao das ontologias.

Web Semântica e Ontologias: um estudo sobre construção de axiomas e uso de inferências

Publicar dados, sejam eles de origem publica ou privada, em formato aberto e baseado em estrutura semântica tornou-se um dos desafios nao apenas das pesquisas em Ciencia da Informacao, mas tambem da comunidade que tem a necessidade de consumi-los. Junta-se a isso uma onda de publicacao de dados abertos governamentais e necessidade de acesso a objetos digitais de cultura e patrimonio, tendencia europeia, que se alastra pelo mundo. O objetivo principal deste trabalho e fazer uma analise da situacao da publicacao de dados no Brasil e apresentar iniciativas internacionais que tem despontado como vanguarda neste processo. A metodologia utilizada e parte descritiva, baseada em levantamento bibliografico, e parte exploratoria, baseada em analise de projetos e propostas de publicacao de dados abertos e em formato semântico ou direcionados ao Linked Open Data (LOD). Com esta pesquisa foi possivel entender que o Brasil ainda tem muito a melhorar na questao de abertura de seus dados, principalmente quando refere-se a modelos semânticos. Foi possivel identificar tambem que iniciativas como Open Data Monitor e a estrutura organizacional do modelo EDM da Europeana podem ser utilizados como referencia para o desenvolvimento dos projetos nacionais que pretendem fazer com os que dados cheguem aos usuarios finais.

/pdf/web-semantica-dados-ligados-e-dados-abertos-uma-visao-dos-36g1dmq5ty.pdf

Web semântica, dados ligados e dados abertos: uma visão dos desafios do brasil frente às iniciativas internacionais

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2925198.pdf

Análise das redes de colaboraçao científica através do estudo das co-autorias, nos cursos de pós-graduaçao do Brasil no tema tratamento temático da informaçao

José Eduardo Santarem Segundo

Papers

Conceptual Framework to Enrich Situation Awareness of Emergency Dispatchers

Web semântica no repositório brapci: uma revisão da literatura

Web Semântica e Ontologias: um estudo sobre construção de axiomas e uso de inferências

Web semântica, dados ligados e dados abertos: uma visão dos desafios do brasil frente às iniciativas internacionais

Análise das redes de colaboraçao científica através do estudo das co-autorias, nos cursos de pós-graduaçao do Brasil no tema tratamento temático da informaçao