José Nelson Martins-Diniz

Bio: José Nelson Martins-Diniz is an academic researcher from Sao Paulo State University. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 58 citations.

Monitoramento de fungos anemófilos e de leveduras em unidade hospitalar

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Monitorar e caracterizar fungos anemofilos e leveduras de fontes bioticas e abioticas de uma unidade hospitalar. METODOS: As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente e em dois periodos, do centro cirurgico e unidades de terapia intensiva adulto e neonatal em hospital de Araraquara, Estado de Sao Paulo. Para coleta de fungos anemofilos foi utilizado amostrador tipo Andersen de simples estagio. A pesquisa de leveduras foi feita das maos e de orofaringe de profissionais de saude, bem como de superficies de leitos e de macanetas das areas criticas. RESULTADOS: Foram recuperados do centro cirurgico 32 generos de fungos anemofilos e 31 das unidades de terapia intensiva. Os generos mais frequentemente isolados foram Cladophialophora spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Chrysosporium spp. e Aspergillus spp. Durante o periodo de estudo, houve reforma e implantacao de uma unidade dentro do hospital, que coincidiu com o aumento na contagem de colonias de Cladophialophora spp., Aspergillus spp. e Fusarium spp. Leveduras foram encontradas em 39,4% dos profissionais de saude (16,7% das amostras dos espacos interdigitais, 12,1% do leito subungueal e 10,6% da orofaringe) e, em 44% das amostras do mobiliario, com predominio do genero Candida (C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis e C. lusitaniae) seguido por Trichosporon spp. CONCLUSOES: Observou-se numero relativamente elevado de fungos anemofilos (potencialmente patogenicos) em areas especiais e niveis expressivos de leveduras em fontes bioticas e abioticas. O monitoramento microbiologico ambiental deve ser realizado, principalmente em salas especiais com pacientes imunocomprometidos, sujeitos a exposicao de patogenos do meio ambiente, assim como, advindos de profissionais de saude.

A scoping review on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment

Abstract: Background Bio-aerosols originate from different sources and their potentially pathogenic nature may form a hazard to healthcare workers and patients So far no extensive review on existing evidence regarding bio-aerosols is available Objectives This study aimed to review evidence on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental setting The objectives were 1) What are the sources that generate bio-aerosols?; 2) What is the microbial load and composition of bio-aerosols and how were they measured?; and 3) What is the hazard posed by pathogenic micro-organisms transported via the aerosol route of transmission? Methods Systematic scoping review design Searched in PubMed and EMBASE from inception to 09-03-2016 References were screened and selected based on abstract and full text according to eligibility criteria Full text articles were assessed for inclusion and summarized The results are presented in three separate objectives and summarized for an overview of evidence Results The search yielded 5,823 studies, of which 62 were included Dental hand pieces were found to generate aerosols in the dental settings Another 30 sources from human activities, interventions and daily cleaning performances in the hospital also generate aerosols Fifty-five bacterial species, 45 fungi genera and ten viruses were identified in a hospital setting and 16 bacterial and 23 fungal species in the dental environment Patients with certain risk factors had a higher chance to acquire Legionella in hospitals Such infections can lead to irreversible septic shock and death Only a few studies found that bio-aerosol generating procedures resulted in transmission of infectious diseases or allergic reactions Conclusion Bio-aerosols are generated via multiple sources such as different interventions, instruments and human activity Bio-aerosols compositions reported are heterogeneous in their microbiological composition dependent on the setting and methodology Legionella species were found to be a bio-aerosol dependent hazard to elderly and patients with respiratory complaints But all aerosols can be can be hazardous to both patients and healthcare workers

Variability of airborne microflora in a hospital ward within a period of one year.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the seasonal variability of the airborne microflora in a hospital ward of the pneumonological department, with regard to potential impact on respiratory status of asthmatic patients hospitalized in the ward. Microbiological air sampling was carried out for a period of 1 year from June-May, during work-days, 16-21 days per month. Each day, the air samples were collected twice: in the morning at 09:00 and in the afternoon at 13:00. Air samples were taken with a custom-designed particle-sizing slit sampler enabling estimations of both total and respirable fractions of the microbial aerosol. Air samples for determination of bacteria were taken on blood agar and air samples for determination of fungi were taken on Sabouraud agar. Mean monthly concentrations of total microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) in the air of the examined hospital ward were between 296.1-529.9 cfu/m3. Mean monthly concentrations of airborne bacteria ranged from 257.1-436.3 cfu/m3, with peak values in November and May and the lowest values from December to February. Mean monthly concentrations of airborne fungi showed much greater variation than bacteria and ranged from 9.9-96.1 cfu/m3 with the very distinct peak in November and the lowest value in May. The variations in monthly concentrations of total microorganisms, bacteria and fungi in the air of hospital ward were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The concentrations of total airborne microorganisms, bacteria and fungi recorded in the hospital in the morning were significantly greater compared to those recorded in the afternoon (p < 0.01). The mean monthly values of respirable fraction for total microorganisms were within a range of 17.3-44.4%, for bacteria within a range of 17.2-44.8%, and for fungi within a range of 2.2-39.1%. The most common microorganisms in the air of the examined ward were Gram-positive cocci which accounted for 31.4-46.4% of the total count. Gram-negative bacteria and corynebacteria were less numerous, forming respectively 11.8-27.5% and 9.6-20.0% of the total count. Endospore-forming bacilli and actinomycetes occurred in small proportions, respectively 0.3-3.2% and 0-2.0% of the total count. Fungi formed 7.6-42.5% of the total count. The prevailing species was Aspergillus fumigatus which constituted on average 77.0% of total fungal strains isolated from the air of the hospital ward. A significant decrease of spirographic indices (VC, FEV1) in asthmatic patients hospitalized in the ward, at increase of the concentration of airborne bacteria and/or fungi, was found in 9 out of 24 examined patients (37.5%) and in 19 out of 192 analysed single relationships (9.9%). In conclusion, although bacteria and fungi occurred in the air of the examined hospital ward in relatively low numbers (of the order 10(2) cfu/m3 and 10(1) cfu/m3 respectively), they should be considered as a possible cause of asthma exacerbations in some patients because of the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus and other potentially pathogenic species.

Airborne fungi and bacteria in indoor and outdoor environment of the Pediatric Unit of Edirne Government Hospital

Abstract: This study was performed between January 2004 and December 2004 in 13 stations in the Pediatric Unit of Edirne Government Hospital in order to determine the outdoor and indoor airborne microfungal and bacterial contents. The results of air samplings revealed that 1,376 microfungal and 2,429 bacterial colonies in total were isolated. The isolated microfungal specimens were identified and 65 species from 16 genera were determined. Among these, the most frequent genus was Cladosporium with 462 colonies (33.58%) followed by Alternaria with 310 (22.53%) and Penicillium with 280 (20.35%) colonies. The isolated bacterial samples were grouped based on their Gram-staining properties. The most frequent ones were Gram (+) cocci with 1,527 colonies (62.87%) followed by Gram (+) bacilli with 828 colonies (34.09%) and Gram (−) bacilli with 74 colonies (3.05%). Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Microccus appeared to be the common genera isolated for all months. Statistical analyses were performed in order to see if there existed a relationship between meteorological conditions and the microfungal and bacterial species and their concentrations.

Evaluation of fungal and bacterial contaminations of patient-used ocular drops.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of fungal and bacterial contaminations of in-use eye drop products in the teaching department of ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz. Two hundred and eighty seven eye drop bottles were randomly collected at the end of day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4 and day 7 of use. The eye drop residues, swabs from internal caps and droppers were inoculated onto MacConkey agar, blood agar and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. The identification of the recovered organisms was accomplished using standard microbial identification techniques. The incidence of microbial contamination of in-use eye drop products was 17.8%, with the highest rate (24.6%) and the lowest rate (9.0%) noted with day 1 and day 3 samples, respectively. The most contaminated part of the eye drop products was the caps (45.9%) followed by droppers (41.0%) and residual contents (13.1%). Considering mendicants contents, those with pilocarpine (41.7%) had the highest rate of contamination followed by atropine (31.8%), tropicamide (28.6%) and betamethasone (23.3%). Our study revealed the potential risk of contamination of in-use eye drop products in hospitals, but we did not find a direct relationship between usage duration and contamination rate.