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Josée Audet

Bio: Josée Audet is an academic researcher from Laval University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Coaching & Experiential learning. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 29 publications receiving 972 citations. Previous affiliations of Josée Audet include Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored entrepreneurial learning through mentoring and found that from a cognitive learning standpoint, benefits reported by entrepreneurs include an increase in management knowledge and skills, improved vision for their business venture and identifying new opportunities.
Abstract: It has been recognized that learning outcomes can be divided into three general categories: Cognitive, skill-based, and affective learning. Moreover, public organizations offer mentoring-inspired support programs to novice entrepreneurs starting a business. This study explores entrepreneurial learning through mentoring. We have coded 53 learning outcomes acquired by novice entrepreneurs through their mentoring relationship. These learning outcomes were analysed using the three general categories and linked with the mentor’s way of promoting learning. Cognitive learning accounts for 62% of total learning outcomes and affective learning makes up 35.9%, which leaves skill-based learning in a marginal position. In addition, methods used by the mentor to ensure mentee learning affect learning content. Mentees were also asked to describe the benefits of their mentoring relationship through discussion groups. From a cognitive learning standpoint, benefits reported by entrepreneurs include an increase in management knowledge and skills, improved vision for their business venture and identifying new opportunities. Benefits resulting from affective learning include a greater sense of self-efficacy, validation of one’s entrepreneurial self-image and a lowered sense of solitude, all factors that could ultimately influence entrepreneur resilience. These results reveal the scope and limitations of mentoring as means to support learning.

203 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a longitudinal study of entrepreneurial intentions among university students enrolled in a business administration program was conducted and data was collected twice: first during the last semester in school and then 18 months later, once students had graduated and started to work on a full-time basis.
Abstract: This paper presents a longitudinal study of entrepreneurial intentions among university students enrolled in a business administration program. Data was collected twice: first during the last semester in school and then 18 months later, once students had graduated and started to work on a full-time basis. Results confirm that the perceptions of the desirability and feasibility of launching a business significantly explain the formation of an intention to go into business on a long term horizon. However, the model does not hold as well when the time frame is shorter. Indeed, both perceptions fail to explain to a significant degree the intention to go into business. When work satisfaction is added to the model, both this variable and perception of feasibility become significant predictors of short term intentions, perception of desirability remaining non significant. Our results also tend to indicate that entrepreneurial intentions and perceptions vary over time. As the temporal stability of intention is a condition for an intention-based model to accurately predict behavior, the link between entrepreneurial intentions and actual venture creation may prove difficult to establish. Data collected in the following phase of the study should provide more information about the temporal stability of variables. INTRODUCTION If there is one question that has not been answered satisfactorily, it is that of whether it is possible to identify the people within a society who will eventually go on to start their own businesses. This question is of considerable interest. Let us imagine for a moment that it is possible to identify the individuals in a given group who have what it takes to succeed in business, or whose profile is consistent with the composite profile of the successful entrepreneur. Financial institutions would find it considerably easier to decide who qualifies for a loan and who does not, simply by administering a test to determine whether the applicant meets the "successful entrepreneur" criteria. Similarly, "future entrepreneurs" could be identified as soon as they entered the educational system, and directed towards an academy of entrepreneurship whose mission would be to provide suitable training, in the same way that the former communist countries used to recruit and train their most promising athletes. Clearly, these examples are completely unrealistic, but they nevertheless illustrate society's insatiable curiosity about new venture creation and its principal actor, the entrepreneur. Indeed, this quest for the "Holy Grail" has fuelled research in the field of entrepreneurship for many years. Several theoretical approaches have been developed to explain why some people eventually become entrepreneurs. Among these, a relatively new stream of research has emerged, based on entrepreneurial intentions. More specifically, the intention to start a business is thought to be the best predictor of actual venture creation, such intention being formed by perceptions of the desirability and feasibility of going into business. This research perspective looks promising as the few empirical studies that have verified the link between perceptions and intentions have yielded convincing results. However, we do not know yet how entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions evolve over time. As a significant amount of time may elapse between the moment the intention to start a business is formed and the moment the potential entrepreneur initiate activities leading to venture creation, temporal stability is crucial for the model to hold. The objective of this research is to fill this important gap, through a longitudinal study of entrepreneurial intentions and perceptions. The first part of the paper describes and discusses the theoretical approach selected for this study, namely that intention is a valid predictor of planned behavior such as starting a business. The next section situates the theoretical framework within the research context, i. …

143 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a multivariate model is presented where multiple relations are tested between different components of intellectual capital and performance, and the model is tested first on a unique sample of 267 SMEs and second on two subsamples where SMEs are grouped according to their strategic profile.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the nature of intellectual capital in small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and how it is linked to strategy and performance.Design/methodology/approach – Using structural equations, a multivariate model is presented where multiple relations are tested between different components of intellectual capital and performance. The model is tested first on a unique sample of 267 SMEs and second on two subsamples where SMEs are grouped according to their strategic profile.Findings – Findings confirm that SMEs that adopt different strategies organize their intellectual capital in a particular and adapted way. When an attempt is made to link intellectual capital components to performance, it is noticed that the latter is strategy specific, just as the variables that influence performance. Prospectors dominate defenders on most intellectual capital components.Research limitations/implications – Use of secondary data may provide less precise results that coul...

113 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effectiveness of coaching as a support measure for young entrepreneurs and identified the factors likely to have an impact on the success of coaching initiatives and highlighted several factors that can improve the delivery of coaching services to novice entrepreneurs.
Abstract: – Entrepreneurial coaching appears to be a sufficiently customized way to help novice owner‐managers develop their managerial skills. However, its usefulness remains to be verified. The purpose of this research is thus to examine the effectiveness of coaching as a support measure for young entrepreneurs and to identify the factors likely to have an impact on the success of coaching initiatives., – Given the exploratory nature of the study, a flexible and open approach was chosen in order to explore the concept of coaching in some depth. The strategy retained was the case study method, with inter‐site comparisons of six coaching initiatives., – The findings suggest that the success of a coaching relationship is explained by a set of factors or “winning conditions”, some of which are more important than others. The most crucial one appears to be the entrepreneur's open attitude to change., – The main limitation of this study is the small number of cases observed., – This research provides valuable information on coaching initiatives by means of real‐life examples. It also highlights several factors likely to improve the delivery of coaching services to novice entrepreneurs. It will thus prove useful to those designing coaching programs for entrepreneurs., – Given the lack of documentation on the subject of entrepreneurial coaching, this paper has the merit of identifying some of the elements likely to contribute to the success of coaching initiatives. In addition, its findings will fuel thinking on how to enhance the benefits of coaching for novice entrepreneurs.

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the factors that precede and may cause sudden changes in the pace of growth of high-growth SMEs or Gazelles or gazelles, and find that the success of growth strategies also depends on the firm's proximity to its client base and its ability to obtain the information required for sound decision-making.
Abstract: The goal of this paper is to identify the factors that precede and may cause sudden changes in the pace of growth of high-growth SMEs or gazelles. A retrospective longitudinal case study of seven high growth SMEs that had undergone a total of 14 sudden shifts in growth reveals that a number of events caused the changes of pace. Some were triggered by the entrepreneur's decisions while others resulted from events beyond his/her control. Management's motivation for growth was an important element and this motivation changed over time, being influenced by both success and problems associated with actual growth. The success of growth strategies also appears to depend on the firm's proximity to its client base and its ability to obtain the information required for sound decision-making. Lastly, the availability of tangible and intangible resources was found essential in allowing the company to seize growth opportunities and proximity to the business milieu may help accessing these resources.

77 citations


Cited by
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Book
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this article, Kressel offers an expert personalized answer to all these questions, explaining how the technology works, why it matters, how it is financed, and what the key lessons are for public policy.
Abstract: Everybody knows that digital technology has revolutionized our economy and our lifestyles. But how many of us really understand the drivers behind the technology – the significance of going digital; the miniaturization of electronic devices; the role of venture capital in financing the revolution; the importance of research and development? How many of us understand what it takes to make money from innovative technologies? Should we worry about manufacturing going offshore? What is the role of India and China in the digital economy? Drawing on a lifetime’s experience in the industry, as an engineer, a senior manager, and as a partner in a global venture capital firm, Henry Kressel offers an expert personalized answer to all these questions. He explains how the technology works, why it matters, how it is financed, and what the key lessons are for public policy.

1,552 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the construct of individual entrepreneurial intent is clarified and validated using a scale of the scale of individual entrepreneurship intent, and the development and validation of a reliable and internationally applicable individual entrepreneurial intention scale is reported.
Abstract: Individual entrepreneurial intent is a key construct in research on new business formation. However, neither a clear or consistent definition of nor a uniform and reliable way to measure individual entrepreneurial intent has yet emerged. Several management scholars have highlighted the impediment this constitutes to the advancement of entrepreneurship research. This paper first seeks to clarify the construct of individual entrepreneurial intent and then reports the development and validation of a reliable and internationally applicable individual entrepreneurial intent scale.

933 citations

Posted Content
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a natural resource-based view of the firm is proposed, which is composed of three interconnected strategies: pollution prevention, product stewardship, and sustainable development, and each of these strategies are advanced for each of them regarding key resource requirements and their contributions to sustained competitive advantage.
Abstract: Historically, management theory has ignored the constraints imposed by the biophysical (natural) environment. Building upon resource-based theory, this article attempts to fill this void by proposing a natural-resource-based view of the firm—a theory of competitive advantage based upon the firm's relationship to the natural environment. It is composed of three interconnected strategies: pollution prevention, product stewardship, and sustainable development. Propositions are advanced for each of these strategies regarding key resource requirements and their contributions to sustained competitive advantage.

902 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of entrepreneurship education programs on participants' attitudes and intention toward entrepreneurship and how this influence related to past experience and how does it persis...
Abstract: Do entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs) really influence participants’ attitudes and intention toward entrepreneurship? How is this influence related to past experience and how does it persis...

668 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically review empirical evidence on the impact of entrepreneurship education (EE) in higher education on a range of learning outcomes, analysing 159 published articles from 2004-2016.
Abstract: Using a teaching model framework, we systematically review empirical evidence on the impact of entrepreneurship education (EE) in higher education on a range of learning outcomes, analysing 159 published articles from 2004-2016. The teaching model framework allows us for the first time to start rigorously examining relationships between pedagogical methods and specific outcomes. Re-confirming past reviews and meta-analyses, we find that EE impact research still predominantly focuses on short-term and subjective outcome measures and tends to severely under-describe the actual pedagogies being tested. Moreover, we use our review to provide an up-to-date and empirically rooted call for less obvious, yet greatly promising, new or underemphasised directions for future research on the impact of university-based entrepreneurship education. This includes, for example, the use of novel impact indicators related to emotion and mindset, focus on the impact indicators related to the intention-to-behaviour transition, and explore the reasons for some of the contradictory findings in impact studies including person-, context- and pedagogical model-specific moderators.

642 citations