Showing papers by "Joseph L. Izzo published in 1950"

A clinical comparison of modified insulins

Abstract: The shortcomings of standard protamine zinc insulin when used alone in a single daily injection for the treatment of so-called \"severe\" diabetes are well known (1-4). Post-prandial glycosuria, nocturnal hypoglycemia, or both, are commonand are directly attributed to its slow, gradual but variable rate of absorption from the subcutaneous depot (5). Consequently, increasing attention has been directed during the past several years toward developing a depot insulin whose activity would be distributed more in keeping with the physiological needs of the diabetic. Several preparations intermediate in time-action between ordinary unmodified insulin and standard protamine zinc insulin have been proposed. Of these the most promising and extensively studied are modifications of standard protamine zinc insulin (6-18) and globin insulin with zinc (19-32). The modifications of standard protamine zinc insulin include premixed and extemporaneous mixtures of unmodified or crystalline insulin with standard protamine zinc insulin in various proportions (5-12), specially modified protamine zinc insulin, type NP-50 (13-15) and more recently specially modified insulin types NPC-40 and NPH50 (12). The most popular and widely used mixture seems to be the pre-mixed, unbuffered \"2: 1 mixture\" (9-12), made by mixing thoroughly two parts of unmodified or crystalline insulin with one part of standard protamine zinc insulin. The physical nature and principal consti-