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Joseph M. Calo

Bio: Joseph M. Calo is an academic researcher from Brown University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Char & Small-angle neutron scattering. The author has an hindex of 29, co-authored 93 publications receiving 2572 citations. Previous affiliations of Joseph M. Calo include University of Alicante & Princeton University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2007-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of hydrogen produced upon KOH activation of an anthracite precursor were investigated by temperature programmed reaction (TPR) and post-carbonization temperature programmed desorption (TPD).

316 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-step semi-global mechanism is proposed whose simple rate law describes the major trends in reaction order, activation energy, and CO/CO2 ratio from 600 to 2000 K.

261 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the heterogeneous reduction of NO by carbon in a thermogravimetric analysis system, employing both pseudosteady and transient reaction methods, at temperatures from near ambient up to 1073 K, and at NO partial pressures in the range 1.01-10.1 kPa.
Abstract: The heterogeneous reduction od NO by carbon was studied in a thermogravimetric analysis system, employing both pseudosteady and transient reaction methods. The reaction was studied at temperatures from near ambient up to 1073 K, and at NO partial pressures in the range 1.01-10.1 kPa. A relatively pure carbon derived from phenolic resin was studied. gaseous products of rection were measured. The gasification of carbon by NO involves two parallel processes: (1) somewhat slow desorption of relatively stable surface complexes; (2) processes involving NO attack on active unoccupied sites that results in essentially immediate desorption of gaseous products. The first process controls the overall gasification rate at lower temperatures and is governed by a distribution of desorption activation energies, involving mainly surface oxides that yield CO upon desorption

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of an investigation concerning the NO reduction activity of 10 different carbons and activated carbons, covering a wide range of surface areas and pore size distributions, were reported.
Abstract: The results of an investigation are reported concerning the NO reduction activity of 10 different carbons and activated carbons, covering a wide range of surface areas and pore size distributions. These samples were subjected to temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) and isothermal reaction (at 600 °C) studies in a flow microreactor at a constant feed NO partial pressure of 0.404 kPa. It was found that, even though these carbons exhibited a wide range of reactivity, their qualitative behavior in the TPR experiments was quite similar, with the exception of samples that contained significant levels of potassium

132 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an innovative new class of heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending metallic nanoparticles in conventional heat-transfer fluids, which are expected to exhibit high thermal conductivities compared to those of currently used heat transfer fluid, and they represent the best hope for enhancing heat transfer.
Abstract: Low thermal conductivity is a primary limitation in the development of energy-efficient heat transfer fluids that are required in many industrial applications. In this paper we propose that an innovative new class of heat transfer fluids can be engineered by suspending metallic nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids. The resulting {open_quotes}nanofluids{close_quotes} are expected to exhibit high thermal conductivities compared to those of currently used heat transfer fluids, and they represent the best hope for enhancement of heat transfer. The results of a theoretical study of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids with copper nanophase materials are presented, the potential benefits of the fluids are estimated, and it is shown that one of the benefits of nanofluids will be dramatic reductions in heat exchanger pumping power.

4,634 citations

Book
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The first part of the book as mentioned in this paper is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters, and the second part is a summary of the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.
Abstract: This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon. Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research of organic compounds, of new methods of analysis (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.

2,803 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, a deconvolution method is proposed to analyze the TPD spectra, allowing for the quantitative determination of the amount of each functional group on the surface. But the deconvolutions are not suitable for the analysis of a large number of functional groups.

2,674 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the textural properties and surface chemistry of KOH-activated carbons depend on not only the synthesis parameters, but also different carbon sources employed including fossil/biomass-derived materials, synthetic organic polymers, and various nanostructured carbons (e.g. carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon aerogels, carbide-derived carbons, graphene, etc.).
Abstract: Because of their availability, adjustable microstructure, varieties of forms, and large specific surface area, porous carbon materials are of increasing interest for use in hydrogen storage adsorbents and electrode materials in supercapacitors and lithium–sulfur cells from the viewpoint of social sustainability and environmental friendliness. Therefore, much effort has been made to synthesize and tailor the microstructures of porous carbon materials via various activation procedures (physical and chemical activation). In particular, the chemical activation of various carbon sources using KOH as the activating reagent is very promising because of its lower activation temperature and higher yields, and well-defined micropore size distribution and ultrahigh specific surface area up to 3000 m2 g−1 of the resulting porous carbons. In this feature article, we will cover recent research progress since 2007 on the synthesis of KOH-activated carbons for hydrogen and electrical energy storage (supercapacitors and lithium–sulfur batteries). The textural properties and surface chemistry of KOH-activated carbons depend on not only the synthesis parameters, but also different carbon sources employed including fossil/biomass-derived materials, synthetic organic polymers, and various nanostructured carbons (e.g. carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon aerogels, carbide-derived carbons, graphene, etc.). Following the introduction to KOH activation mechanisms and processing technologies, the characteristics and performance of KOH-activated carbons as well as their relationships are summarized and discussed through the extensive analysis of the literature based on different energy storage systems.

2,046 citations