Joshua C. Hall

Bio: Joshua C. Hall is an academic researcher from West Virginia University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Economic freedom & Economic Freedom of the World. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 183 publications receiving 2309 citations. Previous affiliations of Joshua C. Hall include Bowling Green State University & Beloit College.

The Impact of Conventions on Hotel Demand: Evidence from Indianapolis Using Daily Hotel Occupancy Data

Abstract: This paper uses daily hotel occupancy data for the Indianapolis metro area from STR to estimate the effect of multi-day conventions on hotel demand. In addition to multi-day conventions, we hand collect data on other major events such as the Indy 500 and major sporting events. Hotel demand is an important part of the economic activity generated by multi-day events because hotel rooms are largely occupied by out-of-town guests and represent new local economic activity. We look at the effect of conventions and other large events in Indianapolis on average daily room rates, revenue per room, demand, occupancy, and total revenue. We find large and statistically significant effects for multi-day conventions on hotel demand with very little evidence of crowding out. A single day of a multi-day convention brings in approximately $928,000 in additional hotel revenue. Our findings contribute to the literature on the economic impact of large events such as conventions and sporting events that attract out-of-town visitors.

Introduction unintended consequences of government intervention

Abstract: At the core of the economic way of thinking is the notion that well-intentioned public policies often have unintended consequences that lessen or negate the intended outcomes of the policy. To paraphrase Frederic Bastiat, a good economist is one who regularly anticipates and teases out the unintended consequences of public policies. Richard Vedder is a good economist. Richard K. Vedder: Scholar Richard Vedder earned his B.A. in economics with honors from Northwestern University in 1962. After graduation, he directly enrolled in the doctoral program in economics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he focused on American Economic History and Public Finance. A quick study and even quicker researcher, Vedder received his doctorate in 1965 after only three years at Illinois. In the fall of 1965, he started as an Assistant Professor of Economics at Ohio University and would quickly rise through the academic ranks to eventually become a Distinguished Professor, the highest distinction bestowed on faculty members at Ohio University. Even after taking emeritus status several years ago, he continues to teach American Economic History, 50 years after first stepping foot on campus in Athens. Vedder's early work focused on migration, primarily during the 19th century. Along with a number of co-authors--including his longtime collaborator Lowell Gallaway--Vedder looked at the factors influencing migration both domestically and abroad. This work was published in top economic history journals such as the Journal of Economic History (Gallaway and Vedder 1971) and Explorations in Economic History (Gallaway, Vedder, and Shukla 1974). While historical in nature, Vedder's work was generally related to contemporary public policy questions, such as the role of economic opportunity on recent migration patterns (Cebula and Vedder 1973, 1976). Vedder taught his students that we can learn much about important issues today by looking at applications in the past. In 1981, Vedder received an invitation to join tire Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress as an economist. It was during this period that his research turned more to contemporary problems in public finance. In 1985, Vedder published his first academic article on taxation in the Cato Journal (Vedder 1985). Five years later he returned to the CJ to meld his research on migration and taxation with "Tiebout, Taxes, and Economic Growth" (Vedder 1990). Toward the later part of the decade and into the early 1990s, Vedder co-authored a number of articles on rent seeking and the consequences of the U.S. transfer state (Vedder and Gallaway 1986, 1991; Vedder, Gallaway, and Sollars 1988; Gallaway and Vedder 1989). In addition to this body of work (and numerous other publications) during the 1980s, Vedder and Gallaway were working on the ideas and research that would form the core of their 1993 book Out of Work: Unemployment and Government in Twentieth-Century America. A visiting position at the Center for the Study of American Business during the mid-1990s launched Vedder's research into educational productivity (Vedder 1996). While he originally focused on K-12 education (Vedder 2000, Vedder and Hall 2000, Vedder and Hall 2002), Vedder turned his attention to higher education with his influential book Going Broke by Degree: Why College Costs Too Much (Vedder 2004a). Since its publication, Vedder has largely focused his attention on policy issues related to higher education in a number of journal articles (Vedder 2004b, Vedder and Gillen 2011) and scholarly papers for state-based think tanks as well as his national think tank the Center for College Affordability and Productivity. In this brief introduction, we can barely scratch the surface of Vedder's research accomplishments. For example, our discussion does not even mention his 2006 book with Wendell Cox on WalMart, or his large number of studies for state and national think tanks such as the Mackinac Center and the Cato Institute. …

Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity

Abstract: 1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

Abstract: The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.

将“Cooperative Learning”融入课堂——浅谈英语素质教育

Abstract: 1. Interaction. The interactions learners have with each other build interpersonal skills, such as listening, politely interrupting, expressing ideas, raising questions, disagreeing, paraphrasing, negotiating, and asking for help. 2. Interdependence. Learners must depend on one another to accomplish a common objective. Each group member has specific tasks to complete, and successful completion of each member’s tasks results in attaining the overall group objective.

Contextualizing Entrepreneurship—Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward:

Abstract: This paper sets out to explore contexts for entrepreneurship, illustrating how a contextualized view of entrepreneurship contributes to our understanding of the phenomenon. There is growing recognition in entrepreneurship research that economic behavior can be better understood within its historical, temporal, institutional, spatial, and social contexts, as these contexts provide individuals with opportunities and set boundaries for their actions. Context can be an asset and a liability for the nature and extent of entrepreneurship, but entrepreneurship can also impact contexts. The paper argues that context is important for understanding when, how, and why entrepreneurship happens and who becomes involved. Exploring the multiplicity of contexts and their impact on entrepreneurship, it identifies challenges researchers face in contextualizing entrepreneurship theory and offers possible ways forward.