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Josta de Hoog

Bio: Josta de Hoog is an academic researcher from Scientific Council for Government Policy. The author has contributed to research in topics: Debt & Monetary policy. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 8 publications receiving 41 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A framework has to be developed that adds new layers of protection for fundamental rights and safeguards against erroneous and malicious use at the levels of analysis and use and the oversight regime is in need of strengthening.

51 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the Netherlands and discuss four periods in turn: the "long nineteenth century" up to the First World War, with an emphasis on the 1870−1914 period, the interwar period (1918−1939), the Bretton Woods periods (1944−1973) and the decades leading up to 2008.
Abstract: The dominance of deposit money means commercial banks play a leading role in money creation. This chapter puts this situation in a historical context. The functioning of our financial monetary system and the role of banks have changed fundamentally over time. The chapter reveals that what we take for granted today was often far from self-evident yesterday. We focus on the Netherlands and discuss four periods in turn: (1) the ‘long nineteenth century’ up to the First World War, with an emphasis on the 1870−1914 period, (2) the interwar period (1918−1939), (3) the Bretton Woods period (1944−1973) and (4) the decades leading up to the latest financial crisis (1973−2008).

2 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the financial monetary system on the basis of four characteristics: economic contribution, stability, fairness in the distribution of benefits, costs and risks, and legitimacy.
Abstract: This chapter assesses the financial monetary system on the basis of four characteristics: (1) its economic contribution; (2) its stability; (3) its fairness in the distribution of benefits, costs and risks; and (4) its legitimacy. Based on this analysis, we highlight key problems in the current system. Our analysis points to two underlying problems: the unbalanced and uncontrolled growth of money and debt; and a distorted balance between public and private interests.

1 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the advantages and disadvantages of the sovereign money system, and propose a framework for a well-functioning financial monetary system that is structured following four goals of any wellfunctioning monetary system: its contribution to the economy; stability; fairness in the distribution of costs, benefits and risks; and legitimacy.
Abstract: This chapter considers the advantages and disadvantages of the sovereign money system. It is structured following the four goals of any well-functioning financial monetary system that we identified in Chap. 4: its contribution to the economy; stability; fairness in the distribution of costs, benefits and risks; and legitimacy. We also address issues related to the international dimension, the transition, and system dynamics and innovation.

Cited by
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
27 Jan 2020
TL;DR: A definition ofgorithmic accountability based on accountability theory and algorithmic accountability literature is provided, which pays extra attention to accountability risks in algorithmic systems.
Abstract: As research on algorithms and their impact proliferates, so do calls for scrutiny/accountability of algorithms. A systematic review of the work that has been done in the field of 'algorithmic accountability' has so far been lacking. This contribution puts forth such a systematic review, following the PRISMA statement. 242 English articles from the period 2008 up to and including 2018 were collected and extracted from Web of Science and SCOPUS, using a recursive query design coupled with computational methods. The 242 articles were prioritized and ordered using affinity mapping, resulting in 93 'core articles' which are presented in this contribution. The recursive search strategy made it possible to look beyond the term 'algorithmic accountability'. That is, the query also included terms closely connected to the theme (e.g. ethics and AI, regulation of algorithms). This approach allows for a perspective not just from critical algorithm studies, but an interdisciplinary overview drawing on material from data studies to law, and from computer science to governance studies. To structure the material, Bovens's widely accepted definition of accountability serves as a focal point. The material is analyzed on the five points Bovens identified as integral to accountability: its arguments on (1) the actor, (2) the forum, (3) the relationship between the two, (3) the content and criteria of the account, and finally (5) the consequences which may result from the account. The review makes three contributions. First, an integration of accountability theory in the algorithmic accountability discussion. Second, a cross-sectoral overview of the that same discussion viewed in light of accountability theory which pays extra attention to accountability risks in algorithmic systems. Lastly, it provides a definition of algorithmic accountability based on accountability theory and algorithmic accountability literature.

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A holistic view of the recent advancements in trustworthy AI is presented to help the interested researchers grasp the crucial facets of the topic efficiently and offer possible future research directions.
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic decision making are having a profound impact on our daily lives. These systems are vastly used in different high-stakes applications like healthcare, business, government, education, and justice, moving us toward a more algorithmic society. However, despite so many advantages of these systems, they sometimes directly or indirectly cause harm to the users and society. Therefore, it has become essential to make these systems safe, reliable, and trustworthy. Several requirements, such as fairness, explainability, accountability, reliability, and acceptance, have been proposed in this direction to make these systems trustworthy. This survey analyzes all of these different requirements through the lens of the literature. It provides an overview of different approaches that can help mitigate AI risks and increase trust and acceptance of the systems by utilizing the users and society. It also discusses existing strategies for validating and verifying these systems and the current standardization efforts for trustworthy AI. Finally, we present a holistic view of the recent advancements in trustworthy AI to help the interested researchers grasp the crucial facets of the topic efficiently and offer possible future research directions.

95 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results posit that the credentials of the technology acceptance model together with task-technology fit contribute substantially to the enhancement of behavioral intentions to use the big data analytics system in healthcare, ultimately leading towards actual use.
Abstract: Big data analytics is gaining substantial attention due to its innovative contribution to decision making and strategic development across the healthcare field. Therefore, this study explored the adoption mechanism of big data analytics in healthcare organizations to inspect elements correlated to behavioral intention using the technology acceptance model and task-technology fit paradigm. Using a survey questionnaire, we analyzed 224 valid responses in AMOS v21 to test the hypotheses. Our results posit that the credentials of the technology acceptance model together with task-technology fit contribute substantially to the enhancement of behavioral intentions to use the big data analytics system in healthcare, ultimately leading towards actual use. Meanwhile, trust in and security of the information system also positively influenced the behavioral intention for use. Employee resistance to change is a key factor underlying failure of the innovative system in organizations and has been proven in this study to negatively moderate the relationship between intention to use and actual use of big data analytics in healthcare. Our results can be implemented by healthcare organizations to develop an understanding of the implementation of big data analytics and to promote psychological empowerment of employees to accept this innovative system.

81 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first comprehensive history of the Dutch economy in the nineteenth century, an important but poorly understood piece of European economic history, based on a detailed reconstruction of extensive economic data.
Abstract: A major feat of research and synthesis, this book presents the first comprehensive history of the Dutch economy in the nineteenth century--an important but poorly understood piece of European economic history. Based on a detailed reconstruction of extensive economic data, the authors account for demise of the Dutch economy’s golden age. After showing how institutional factors combined to make the Dutch economy a victim of its own success, the book traces its subsequent emergence as a modern industrial economy. Between 1780 and 1914, the Netherlands went through a double transition. Its economy--which, in the words of Adam Smith, was approaching a "stationary state" in the eighteenth century--entered a process of modern economic growth during the middle decades of the nineteenth. At the same time, the country’s sociopolitical structure was undergoing radical transformation as the decentralized polity of the republic gave way to a unitary state. As the authors show, the dramatic transformation of the Dutch political structure was intertwined with equally radical changes in the institutional structure of the economy. The outcome of this dual transition was a rapidly industrializing economy on one side and, on the other, the neocorporatist sociopolitical structure that would characterize the Netherlands in the twentieth century. Analyzing both processes with a focus on institutional change, this book argues that the economic and political development of the Netherlands can be understood only in tandem.

73 citations