Juan Carlos Aristizabal

Bio: Juan Carlos Aristizabal is an academic researcher from Pontifical Xavierian University. The author has contributed to research in topics: SciELO & Population. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 2 publications receiving 23 citations.

Revisión sistemática de literatura: Determinantes sociales de la salud en hipertensión, América Latina 2006-2014.

Abstract: Objetivo: Este estudio se propuso analizar la investigacion en Hipertension Arterial (HTA) relacionada con los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS) en America Latina producida durante los anos 2006-2014. Materiales y metodos: Se realizo una revision sistematica de estudios empiricos registrados en las bases de datos: EBSCO, Scielo, MedicLatina y Lilacs. Fueron utilizadas las palabras claves de interes: “hipertension”, “politicas”, “hipertensao”, “politica” y se efectuo una lectura sistematica de los textos completos de 45 investigaciones que cumplian con los criterios de inclusion. El proceso de analisis estuvo orientado por una matriz de evidencia con la siguiente informacion: nombre de la base de datos, ano de publicacion, pais donde se publico, titulo del articulo, autores, resumen, objetivos, metodo, tipo de poblacion, resultados principales y conclusiones. Resultados: Se realizaron tres categorias descriptivas: factores de riesgo individual asociados a la HTA (n=20; 44.4%), atencion y tratamiento de la HTA (n=20; 44.4%), y determinantes sociales (n=5; 11.1%). Conclusiones: El abordaje de la investigacion predomina la mirada desde lo biomedico centrado en la enfermedad que hace responsable al individuo por el estilo de vida. Hay una brecha en la investigacion de la HTA desde el enfoque de DSS. Abstract Aim: This study was proposed to analyze the investigation in Hypertension (HTA) related with the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) in Latin American produced during the years of 2006 to 2014. Materials and methods: It has been made a systematic revision of empirical studies registered in the data bases: EBSCO, Scielo, MedicLatina and Lilacs. Key words of interest: “hypertension”, “policy”, “hipertensao”, “politica” where used and a systematic reading was performed of the complete texts of forty five investigations that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis process was oriented by an evidence matrix with the next information: name of the data base, year of publication, country where it was published, title of the article, authors, summary, objectives, method, population type, main results and conclusions. Results: Three descriptive categories were made: individual risk factors associated to the HTA (n=20; 44.4%), attention and treatment of the HTA (n=20; 44.4%) and social determinants (n=5; 11.1%). Conclusions: Most HTA articles focus in a curative approach and the medical management, excluding the SDH of problem analysis. Key words: Hypertension, public health policy, social determinants of health.

Assessing Content Validity and Content Equivalence Using Structural Equation Modeling. Teacher's Corner.

Abstract: Content validity is rarely evaluated based on empirical data, independent of that from a panel of content experts. In this article, procedures are used to construct parallel test forms based on statistical equivalence rather than content equivalence. This article describes an alternative approach to assessing content validity and content equivalence in terms of item-content structures and content area constructs. Structural equation modeling is applied to item-response data from 2 Regents College examinations to empirically verify content constructs developed by a panel of content experts and to examine content equivalence across-parallel test forms. The results suggest the different degrees of inconsistency and bias of content experts in assigning items to their corresponding content areas. The results also show that content equivalence across-parallel test forms is disputable based on randomly splitting methods. The implication and importance of the study is discussed in terms of test development.

Innovative prototypes for cervical cancer prevention in low-income primary care settings: A human-centered design approach

Abstract: This article presents the design process of innovative prototypes for cervical cancer prevention in primary care centers located in low-income settings in Cali, Colombia, using the Human-Centered Design (HCD). The project was developed in collaboration with a public healthcare network comprised of 38 urban and rural centers with women between the ages of 25 and 65 years, healthcare providers of the cancer program, healthcare administrators and the general manager of said network. Our HCD process involved five stages: research, need synthesis, ideation and co-design process, prototyping and in-context usability testing. In practice, some of the stages are overlapped and iterated throughout the design process. We conducted observations, open-ended interviews and conversations, multi-stakeholder workshops, focus groups, systematic text condensation analyses and tests in real contexts. As a result, we designed four prototypes: (1) 'Encanto': An educational manicure service, (2) 'No le des la espalda a la citologia': A media-based strategy, (3) An educational wireless queuing device in the waiting room, and (4) Citobot: A cervical cancer early detection device, system, and method. The tests carried out with each prototype showed their value, limitations and possibilities in terms of subsequent development and validation through public health research or clinical research. We recognize that a longer-term evaluation is required in order to determine whether the prototypes will be used regularly, integrated into cervical cancer screening services and effectively improve access to cytology as a screening test. We conclude that HCD is a useful for design-based prevention in the field of cervical cancer. The integration of this approach with public health research would allow the generation of evidence during to the formulation of policies and programs as well as optimize existing interventions and, ultimately, facilitate the scalability and financing of what actually works.

Prevalence of Refractive Error, Presbyopia, and Spectacle Coverage in Bogotá, Colombia: A Rapid Assessment of Refractive Error.

Abstract: SIGNIFICANCEUncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment; therefore, reducing its prevalence is important worldwide. For two decades, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of refractive error in Latin America.PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to determine the cur

Prevalence and associated risk factors of Intestinal parasites in rural high-mountain communities of the Valle del Cauca-Colombia.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GI) in domestic animals and children in high mountain populations in the districts of Combia and Toche, Valle del Cauca-Colombia. These communities have been affected by the armed conflict in Colombia and are susceptible to health risk factors related to the Colombian post-conflict. Prevalence and risk factors were measured using Bayesian methods on 45 structured interviews applied to 29 families in Combia and 16 in Toche. This inquire aimed to analyze the socio-economic and demographic factors associated with the presence of parasites. This interview was conducted with 50 children: 40 (80%) from Rita Sabogal school district of Toche, and 10 (20%) from Tablones-Atanasio Girardot schools. 23 faecal samples from asymtomatic children from these schools were collected. Subsequently, 308 animals were characterized through the analysis of 64 faecal samples from asymptomatic individuals (20,8%); 18/41 from dogs (43,9%), 18/175 from poultry (10,3%), 7/13 from cats 56,84%, 6/20 from equines (30%) and from 15/59 cattle (25,43%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites among children under six years was 60% [95% PI = 41%-78%]; Endolimax nana, 24% [95% PI = 9,8%-42%]; Iodamoeba buetschlii, 16% [95% PI = 4,7%-32%]; Entamoeba coli, 35% [95% PI = 18%-55%]; Giardia lamblia, 12% [95% PI = 2,7%-27%]. In Equids the presence of Strongylus spp was 37% [95% PI = 10%-71%]; Parascaris equorum, 37% [95% PI = 10%-71%]; in dogs, Dipylidium caninum was 20% [95% PI = 6%-39%]; Trichuris trichiura, 9% [95% PI = 1,3%-26%]; Toxocara canis, 25% [95% PI = 9%-46%]; in cats, Toxocara cati had a prevalence of 44% [95% PI = 16%-75%]; cyst of Eimeria spp, 15% [95% PI = 3,4%-33%]; in poultry and Eimeria zuernii in cattle, 50% [95% PI = 23%-77%]. There was no association with exposure of humans to animal parasites. However, we conclude that female and children under 6 years of age are more likely OR (6,72-2,3) to get parasites.