Author
Judith A. Hahn
Other affiliations: University of California, Berkeley, University of California, March of Dimes ...read more
Bio: Judith A. Hahn is an academic researcher from University of California, San Francisco. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Medicine. The author has an hindex of 46, co-authored 171 publications receiving 8517 citations. Previous affiliations of Judith A. Hahn include University of California, Berkeley & University of California.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In the inner-city community the authors studied, recently transmitted tuberculosis accounts for approximately 40 percent of the incident cases and almost two thirds of drug-resistant cases.
Abstract: Background The incidence of tuberculosis and drug resistance is increasing in the United States, but it is not clear how much of the increase is due to reactivation of latent infection and how much to recent transmission. Methods We performed DNA fingerprinting using restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of at least one isolate from every patient with confirmed tuberculosis at a major hospital in the Bronx, New York, from December 1, 1989, through December 31, 1992. Medical records and census-tract data were reviewed for relevant clinical, social, and demographic data. Results Of 130 patients with tuberculosis, 104 adults (80 percent) had complete medical records and isolates whose DNA fingerprints could be evaluated. Isolates from 65 patients (62.5 percent) had unique RFLP patterns, whereas isolates from 39 patients (37.5 percent) had RFLP patterns that were identical to those of an isolate from at least 1 other study patient; the isolates in the latter group were classified into 12 cl...
808 citations
TL;DR: Ubiquitous behaviors among young IDUs, such as the forming of injecting or sexual partnerships and consequent sharing of needles and drug preparation equipment, are risk factors for HCV.
Abstract: The present study examined reasons for the high incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young injection drug users (IDUs). IDUs !30 years old who tested negative for HCV antibody were enrolled in a prospective cohort. Risk factors for seroconversionwere examined using time-dependent regression analyses: 48 of 195 IDUs seroconverted to HCV, for an incidence rate of 25.1/100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 18.7‐32.9/100 personyears). Independent risk factors included sharing needles with an HCV-infected sex partner (borderline statistical significance, ) or a person who was not a sex partner, sharing P p .11 nonsterile drug-preparation equipment, pooling money with another IDU to buy drugs, and exchanging sex for money. Ubiquitous behaviors among young IDUs, such as the forming of injecting or sexual partnerships and consequent sharing of needles and drug preparation equipment, are risk factors for HCV. InterventionstoreduceHCVtransmissionmustrecognize the importance of relationships on injecting risk. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent (50%– 95%) among injection drug users (IDUs) and is transmitted via contaminated needles and syringes. Although the frequency of injecting with a needle and syringe previously used by someone else (“needle borrowing” or “needle sharing”) has decreased during the past 15 years [1–6], HCV incidence rates continue to be high [7–14].
328 citations
TL;DR: In logistic regression models for borrowing a used needle and sharing drug preparation equipment, increased risk in females was explained by having an injection partner who was also a sexual partner, and injecting risk was greater in the young female compared to male IDUs despite equivalent frequency of injecting.
Abstract: Female injection drug users (IDUs) represent a large proportion of persons infected with HIV in the United States, and women who inject drugs have a high incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) injection. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of gender in injection risk behavior and the transmission of blood-borne virus. In 2000–2002, 844 young (<30 years old) IDUs were surveyed in San Francisco. We compared self-reported risk behavior between 584 males and 260 female participants from cross-sectional baseline data. We used logistic regression to determine whether demographic, structural, and relationship variables explained increased needle borrowing, drug preparation equipment sharing, and being injected by another IDU among females compared to males. Females were significantly younger than males and were more likely to engage in needle borrowing, ancillary equipment sharing, and being injected by someone else. Females were more likely than males to report recent sexual intercourse and to have IDU sex partners. Females and males were not different with respect to education, race/ethnicity, or housing status. In logistic regression models for borrowing a used needle and sharing drug preparation equipment, increased risk in females was explained by having an injection partner who was also a sexual partner. Injecting risk was greater in the young female compared to male IDUs despite equivalent frequency of injecting. Overlapping sexual and injection partnerships were a key factor in explaining increased injection risk in females. Females were more likely to be injected by another IDU even after adjusting for years injecting, being in a relationship with another IDU, and other potential confounders. Interventions to reduce sexual and injection practices that put women at risk of contracting hepatitis and HIV are needed.
305 citations
TL;DR: Although mid-term primary patency is limited in many patients by the development of a shunt stenosis or occlusion, shunt function can be maintained in most patients by careful surveillance and periodic percutaneous intervention.
300 citations
TL;DR: A fixed monthly dose of HBIg reduces the recurrence of HBs antigenemia, even in patients with indices of active viral replication pretransplantation, and the presence of residual virus in the majority of patients administered H BIg suggests that long‐term HBIG administration may be necessary.
290 citations
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TL;DR: Diagnostic Criteria of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Key Laboratory Features of N TM Health Careand Hygiene-associated Disease Prevention Prophylaxis and Treatment of NTM Disease Introduction Methods.
Abstract: Diagnostic Criteria of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Key Laboratory Features of NTM Health Careand Hygiene-associated Disease Prevention Prophylaxis and Treatment of NTM Disease Introduction Methods Taxonomy Epidemiology Pathogenesis Host Defense and Immune Defects Pulmonary Disease Body Morphotype Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibition Laboratory Procedures Collection, Digestion, Decontamination, and Staining of Specimens Respiratory Specimens Body Fluids, Abscesses, and Tissues Blood Specimen Processing Smear Microscopy Culture Techniques Incubation of NTM Cultures NTM Identification Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for NTM Molecular Typing Methods of NTM Clinical Presentations and Diagnostic Criteria Pulmonary Disease Cystic Fibrosis Hypersensitivity-like Disease Transplant Recipients Disseminated Disease Lymphatic Disease Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Disease
4,969 citations
TL;DR: Mental health affects progress towards the achievement of several Millennium Development Goals, such as promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women, reduction of child mortality, improvement of maternal health, and reversal of the spread of HIV/AIDS.
2,943 citations
TL;DR: A novel method based on strain-dependent hybridization patterns of in vitro-amplified DNA with multiple spacer oligonucleotides was found to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis, a distinction which is often difficult to make by traditional methods.
Abstract: Widespread use of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to differentiate strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to monitor the transmission of tuberculosis has been hampered by the need to culture this slow-growing organism and by the level of technical sophistication needed for RFLP typing. We have developed a simple method which allows simultaneous detection and typing of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens and reduces the time between suspicion of the disease and typing from 1 or several months to 1 or 3 days. The method is based on polymorphism of the chromosomal DR locus, which contains a variable number of short direct repeats interspersed with nonrepetitive spacers. The method is referred to as spacer oligotyping or "spoligotyping" because it is based on strain-dependent hybridization patterns of in vitro-amplified DNA with multiple spacer oligonucleotides. Most of the clinical isolates tested showed unique hybridization patterns, whereas outbreak strains shared the same spoligotype. The types obtained from direct examination of clinical samples were identical to those obtained by using DNA from cultured M. tuberculosis. This novel preliminary study shows that the novel method may be a useful tool for rapid disclosure of linked outbreak cases in a community, in hospitals, or in other institutions and for monitoring of transmission of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis. Unexpectedly, spoligotyping was found to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis, a distinction which is often difficult to make by traditional methods.
2,845 citations
TL;DR: The optimal management of patients with acute and chronic HCV infections in 2018 and onwards is described, as well as developments in diagnostic procedures and improvements in therapy and prevention.
2,491 citations
TL;DR: The structure and replication cycle of hepatitis B virus is examined and the natural history of primary infection, the mechanisms of clearance of the virus, and reasons for persistent infection are discussed.
Abstract: This review article examines the structure and replication cycle of hepatitis B virus and discusses the natural history of primary infection, the mechanisms of clearance of the virus, and reasons for persistent infection. It concludes with a discussion of what we know about the virus and how it causes hepatitis and the implications for treatment.
2,233 citations