Jukka Montonen

Bio: Jukka Montonen is an academic researcher from National Institutes of Health. The author has contributed to research in topics: Type 2 diabetes & Population. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 30 publications receiving 3402 citations.

Dietary Antioxidant Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract: OBJECTIVE —The intake of antioxidants was studied for its ability to predict type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —A cohort of 2,285 men and 2,019 women 40–69 years of age and free of diabetes at baseline (1967–1972) was studied. Food consumption during the previous year was estimated using a dietary history interview. The intake of vitamin C, four tocopherols, four tocotrienols, and six carotenoids was calculated. During a 23-year follow-up, a total of 164 male and 219 female incident cases occurred. RESULTS —Vitamin E intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes between the extreme quartiles of the intake was 0.69 (95% CI 0.51–0.94, P for trend = 0.003). Intakes of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and β-tocotrienol were inversely related to a risk of type 2 diabetes. Among single carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.44–0.78, P CONCLUSIONS —This study supports the hypothesis that development of type 2 diabetes may be reduced by the intake of antioxidants in the diet.

Serum vitamin D and subsequent occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Abstract: Background:Low vitamin D status has been suggested as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although the epidemiologic evidence is scarce, 2 recent studies have suggested an association. The present study investigated the relation of serum vitamin D with type 2 diabetes incidence using pooled data from

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract: It has been suggested that vitamin D reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes. The finding that vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired -cell function and insulin resistance in animals (1,2) and humans (3,4) is in line with that hypothesis. In the only cohort study published, the intake of vitamin D supplements was inversely associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (5). Since vitamin D intake covers only a part of the total vitamin D available, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prediction of serum 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25OHD) on

Dietary Patterns and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract: Major dietary patterns were studied for the ability to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus in a cohort of 4,304 Finnish men and women aged 40-69 years and free of diabetes at baseline in 1967-1972. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns from dietary data that were collected using a 1-year dietary history interview. A total of 383 incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred during a 23-year follow-up. Two major dietary patterns were identified. The pattern labeled "prudent" was characterized by higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, and the pattern labeled "conservative" was characterized by consumption of butter, potatoes, and whole milk. The relative risks (adjusted for nondietary confounders) between the extreme quartiles of the pattern scores were 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 0.97; p(trend) = 0.03) for the prudent pattern and 1.49 (95% confidence interval: 1.11, 2.00; p(trend) = 0.01) for the conservative pattern. Thus, the prudent dietary pattern score was associated with a reduced risk and the conservative pattern score was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In light of these results, it appears conceivable that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes can be reduced by changing dietary patterns.

Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

Abstract: Erratum to: DiabetologiaDOI 10.1007/s00125-012-2534-0In the text box ‘Properties of currently available glucose-lowering agents that may guide treatment choice in individualpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ’ vildagliptin was incor-rectly assigned footnote ‘a’ (Limited use in the USA/Europe)instead of footnote ‘b’ (Not licensed in the USA).

Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Patient-Centered Approach: Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

Abstract: Glycemic management in type 2 diabetes mellitus has become increasingly complex and, to some extent, controversial, with a widening array of pharmacological agents now available (1–5), mounting concerns about their potential adverse effects and new uncertainties regarding the benefits of intensive glycemic control on macrovascular complications (6–9). Many clinicians are therefore perplexed as to the optimal strategies for their patients. As a consequence, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) convened a joint task force to examine the evidence and develop recommendations for antihyperglycemic therapy in nonpregnant adults with type 2 diabetes. Several guideline documents have been developed by members of these two organizations (10) and by other societies and federations (2,11–15). However, an update was deemed necessary because of contemporary information on the benefits/risks of glycemic control, recent evidence concerning efficacy and safety of several new drug classes (16,17), the withdrawal/restriction of others, and increasing calls for a move toward more patient-centered care (18,19). This statement has been written incorporating the best available evidence and, where solid support does not exist, using the experience and insight of the writing group, incorporating an extensive review by additional experts (acknowledged below). The document refers to glycemic control; yet this clearly needs to be pursued within a multifactorial risk reduction framework. This stems from the fact that patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; the aggressive management of cardiovascular …

Erratum: Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: A patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (Diabetologia (2013) 56 (680))

Abstract: Erratum to: DiabetologiaDOI 10.1007/s00125-012-2534-0In the text box ‘Properties of currently available glucose-lowering agents that may guide treatment choice in individualpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ’ vildagliptin was incor-rectly assigned footnote ‘a’ (Limited use in the USA/Europe)instead of footnote ‘b’ (Not licensed in the USA).

Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract: Background— Vitamin D receptors have a broad tissue distribution that includes vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and cardiomyocytes. A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect the cardiovascular system, but data from longitudinal studies are lacking. Methods and Results— We studied 1739 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 59 years; 55% women; all white) without prior cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. Prespecified thresholds were used to characterize varying degrees of 25-OH D deficiency (<15 ng/mL, <10 ng/mL). Multivariable Cox regression models were adjusted for conventional risk factors. Overall, 28% of individuals had levels <15 ng/mL, and 9% had levels <10 ng/mL. During a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, 120 individuals developed a first cardiovascular event. Individuals with 25-OH D <15 ng/mL had a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 2....