Jules W. Moskowitz

Bio: Jules W. Moskowitz is an academic researcher from New York University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Monte Carlo method & Pseudopotential. The author has an hindex of 32, co-authored 83 publications receiving 3216 citations. Previous affiliations of Jules W. Moskowitz include University of Paris.

Water Molecule Interactions

Abstract: Accurate SCF calculations have been carried out to investigate the potential of interaction for pairs and triplets of water molecules. The most stable pair configuration involves a linear hydrogen bond of length ROO = 3.00 A and strength 4.72 kcal/mole. Three‐molecule nonadditivities are large in magnitude and vary in sign according to the hydrogen‐bond pattern involved. In both aqueous liquids and solids, the net trimer nonadditivity effect amounts to increased binding energy, decreased neighbor distance, and slightly enhanced tendency toward perfect tetrahedral coordination symmetry. The nonadditivity furthermore is inconsistent with the phenomenology of simple mutual electrostatic polarization between neighboring molecules.

Correlated Monte Carlo wave functions for the atoms He through Ne

Abstract: We apply the variational Monte Carlo method to the atoms He through Ne. Our trial wave function is of the form introduced by Boys and Handy. We use the Monte Carlo method to calculate the first and second derivatives of an unreweighted variance and apply Newton’s method to minimize this variance. We motivate the form of the correlation function using the local current conservation arguments of Feynman and Cohen. Using a self‐consistent field wave function multiplied by a Boys and Handy correlation function, we recover a large fraction of the correlation energy of these atoms. We give the value of all variational parameters necessary to reproduce our wave functions. The method can be extended easily to other atoms and to molecules.

A new look at correlation energy in atomic and molecular systems. II. The application of the Green’s function Monte Carlo method to LiH

Abstract: The potential energy surface of the LiH molecule is calculated using the Green’s function Monte Carlo method. The calculated correlation energy is 0.078±0.001 hartree and the binding energy is 2.56 eV. These results are within 6% and 2% of the experimental values, respectively. The Green’s function Monte Carlo method is discussed in some detail with particular emphasis on problems of chemical interest.

The electronic structure of small nickel atom clusters

Abstract: The ground state electronic structure of small nickel atom clusters (Nin, n=1–6) has been calculated using the ab initio effective core potential self‐consistent field (SCF) method in a Gaussian expansion basis. The electronic configuration of the nickel atoms in the clusters is found to be very close to 3d94s1. The ground state electronic configurations for Nin generally have n unpaired 3d electrons in molecular orbitals (MO’s) spanning the same irreducible representations as the 4s atomic orbitals while the n 4s electrons fill their MO’s in accord with a simple three‐dimensional Huckel model with overlap. Exceptions to this description are found in the cases of linear systems where the 3d holes prefer δ over σ symmetry and in octahedral Ni6 where a different preferred set of 3d holes is obtained. The SCF ground state wave functions correspond roughly to a model in which the 3d electrons can be viewed as weakly interacting localized 3d9 units. The clusters are bound together primarily by the 4s electrons with the 4p orbital contribution increasing in importance with cluster size and dimensionality. The binding energy per nickel atom generally increases as the size of the cluster increases, although at six atoms this quantity has not yet converged with cluster size. The density of states diagram for the occupied one electron energy levels in Ni6 is found to be very different from the corresponding types of diagrams obtained in the muffin tin (MT)–Xα method for small nickel atom clusters. This difference is examined in detail, with consideration given to the effects of relaxation energy and to the different orbital level filling criteria used in the two methods.

Self—Consistent Molecular Orbital Methods. XII. Further Extensions of Gaussian—Type Basis Sets for Use in Molecular Orbital Studies of Organic Molecules

Abstract: Two extended basis sets (termed 5–31G and 6–31G) consisting of atomic orbitals expressed as fixed linear combinations of Gaussian functions are presented for the first row atoms carbon to fluorine. These basis functions are similar to the 4–31G set [J. Chem. Phys. 54, 724 (1971)] in that each valence shell is split into inner and outer parts described by three and one Gaussian function, respectively. Inner shells are represented by a single basis function taken as a sum of five (5–31G) or six (6–31G) Gaussians. Studies with a number of polyatomic molecules indicate a substantial lowering of calculated total energies over the 4–31G set. Calculated relative energies and equilibrium geometries do not appear to be altered significantly.

The influence of polarization functions on molecular orbital hydrogenation energies

Abstract: Polarization functions are added in two steps to a split-valence extended gaussian basis set: d-type gaussians on the first row atoms C. N, O and F and p-type gaussians on hydrogen. The same d-exponent of 0.8 is found to be satisfactory for these four atoms and the hydrogen p-exponent of 1.1 is adequate in their hydrides. The energy lowering due to d functions is found to depend on the local symmetry around the heavy atom. For the particular basis used, the energy lowerings due to d functions for various environments around the heavy atom are tabulated. These bases are then applied to a set of molecules containing up to two heavy atoms to obtain their LCAO-MO-SCF energies. The mean absolute deviation between theory and experiment (where available) for heats of hydrogenation of closed shell species with two non-hydrogen atoms is 4 kcal/mole for the basis set with full polarization. Estimates of hydrogenation energy errors at the Hartree-Fock limit, based on available calculations, are given.

Ab initio effective core potentials for molecular calculations. Potentials for the transition metal atoms Sc to Hg

Abstract: Ab initio effective core potentials (ECP’s) have been generated to replace the Coulomb, exchange, and core‐orthogonality effects of the chemically inert core electron in the transition metal atoms Sc to Hg. For the second and third transition series relative ECP’s have been generated which also incorporate the mass–velocity and Darwin relativistic effects into the potential. The ab initio ECP’s should facilitate valence electron calculations on molecules containing transition‐metal atoms with accuracies approaching all‐electron calculations at a fraction of the computational cost. Analytic fits to the potentials are presented for use in multicenter integral evaluation. Gaussian orbital valence basis sets are developed for the (3d,4s,4p), (4d,5s,5p), and (5d,6s,6p) orbitals of the first, second, and third transition series atoms, respectively. All‐electron and valence‐electron atomic excitation energies are also compared for the low‐lying states of Sc–Hg, and the valence‐electron calculations are found to reproduce the all‐electron excitation energies (typically within a few tenths of an eV).

Gaussian Basis Functions for Use in Molecular Calculations. III. Contraction of (10s6p) Atomic Basis Sets for the First‐Row Atoms

Abstract: The contraction of Gaussian basis functions for use in molecular calculations is investigated by considering the effects of contraction on the energies and one‐electron properties of the water and nitrogen molecules. The emphasis is on obtaining principles which can be used to predict optimal contraction schemes for other systems without the necessity of such exhaustive calculations. Using these principles, contractions are predicted for the first‐row atoms.

An approach to computing electrostatic charges for molecules

Abstract: We present an approach for deriving net atomic charges from ab initio quantum mechanical calculations using a least squares fit of the quantum mechanically calculated electrostatic potential to that of the partial charge model. Our computational approach is similar to those presented by Momany [J. Phys. Chem., 82, 592 (1978)], Smit, Derissen, and van Duijneveldt [Mol. Phys., 37, 521 (1979)], and Cox and Williams [J. Comput. Chem., 2, 304 (1981)], but differs in the approach to choosing the positions for evaluating the potential. In this article, we present applications to the molecules H2O, CH3OH, (CH3)2O, H2CO, NH3, (CH3O)2PO, deoxyribose, ribose, adenine, 9-CH3 adenine, thymine, 1-CH3 thymine, guanine, 9-CH3 guanine, cytosine, 1-CH3 cytosine, uracil, and 1-CH3 uracil. We also address the question of inclusion of “lone pairs,” their location and charge.