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Julia Kwong

Bio: Julia Kwong is an academic researcher from University of Manitoba. The author has contributed to research in topics: Socioeconomic status & Health care. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 4 publications receiving 451 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that the number of children is an important determinant of support, but future reductions in support may not be as dramatic as anticipated.
Abstract: Change in China’s age structure is creating concerns about whether reductions in family size undermine traditional support mechanisms for older adults. Future generations may expect less support as the availability of children declines. In this article, the association between number of children and the receipt of instrumental and financial support is examined for rural and urban populations. Probabilities are modeled as bivariate probits. Coefficients are used to conduct simulations in which support is examined across hypothetical distributions of number of children. The results show that the number of children is an important determinant of support, but future reductions in support may not be as dramatic as anticipated.

292 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate associations exist in China, and bank savings is the strongest predictor, including a positive association between socioeconomic status and chronic conditions among older adults in urban China.
Abstract: Objective: The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, which has proven to be quite robust, is rarely tested in societies where levels of economic development and systems of stratification differ from those in Western developed countries. This article examines associations in rural and urban China. Method: Techniques include logit equation estimates of separate and pooled samples. The latter employ interaction terms to test rural and urban effects. Socioeconomic indicators include those more customarily used in these types of studies (e.g., education) and several that are less traditional (e.g., pension eligibility). Results: Results indicate associations exist in China. Bank savings is the strongest predictor. Some unexpected results are also found, including a positive association between socioeconomic status and chronic conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease) among older adults in urban China. Discussion: Use and access to a health care professional might explain part of this anomaly.

178 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of three components of militarization highlighted in modernization and dependency theories on the social development of ninety-two developing countries were examined. And the results support the dependency theory's emphasis on the detrimental impact of international trade on disadvantaged nations.
Abstract: In this study we integrated the modernization and dependency theories of development to suggest the ways whereby militarization can affect development. We examined the effects of three components of militarization highlighted in these theories on the social development of ninety-two developing countries. Overall, our findings support the dependency theory's emphasis on the detrimental impact of international trade on disadvantaged nations. There is a significant negative correlation between arms import and social development. Arms export and indigenous spending are correlated with social development in the expected directions but their beta coefficients are not significant. The diverse ways these three aspects of militarization have been shown to affect social development help to explain some of the conflicting findings in the literature and point to the need to study these variables in their disaggregated form.

3 citations


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Book
01 Jan 2009

8,216 citations

Journal Article
Kevin Kinsella1, David Phillips
TL;DR: The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing 2002 fall under three priorities: older people and economic development Advancing health and well-being into old age and Ensuring enabling and supportive environments as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The central themes running throughout the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing 2002 fall under three priorities: Older people and economic development Advancing health and well-being into old age and Ensuring enabling and supportive environments. This Population Bulletin addresses many issues that fall under these overarching priorities. It examines the causes of global population aging and considers related dimensions such as the importance of health improvements and extended life expectancy for the individual well-being of older people and for social costs related to health care. This Bulletin also considers whether mounting evidence of declining disability at older ages answers the question: Are longer life expectancies accompanied by better health or simply more years of poor health? Related to this are questions surrounding intergenerational relationships affected by demographic and social changes all central to the three priorities outlined at the Madrid conference. How will smaller families and new forms of familial organization for example affect social and personal support systems? How will the labor market pension plans and services adapt to longer life expectancies as retirees require 25 or more years of income as well as social and other services? (excerpt)

544 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Aug 2006-BMJ
TL;DR: The once lean giant has a weight problem that is increasing rapidly and his weight problem has been increasing rapidly for several years.
Abstract: The once lean giant has a weight problem that is increasing rapidly A bout one fifth of the one billion overweight or obese people in the world are Chinese. China was once considered to have one of the leanest populations,1 but it is fast catching up with the West in terms of the prevalence of overweight and obesity; disturbingly, this transition has occurred in a remarkably short time.2 Data from the 2002 national nutrition and health survey showed that 14.7% of Chinese were overweight (body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) ≥ 25) and another 2.6% were obese (BMI ≥ 30), such that there are currently (2002) 184 million overweight people, and a further 31 million obese people, in China, out of a total population of 1.3 billion (table).3 Although the prevalence of obesity in China is relatively low compared with Western countries such as the United States, where over half of adults are either overweight or obese, it is the rapid increase of the condition,4 especially among children, that is particularly alarming. Data from the China national surveys on the constitution and health in school children …

423 citations

01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: The characteristics of older people are likely to be increasingly heterogeneous within nations as discussed by the authors, and older populations also have increased because of worldwide improvements in health services educational status and economic development.
Abstract: One purpose of this report then is to look at past current and projected numbers proportions and growth rates of older populations. Older populations also have increased because of worldwide improvements in health services educational status and economic development. The characteristics of older people are likely to be increasingly heterogeneous within nations. A second purpose of An Aging World: 2008 is to summarize socioeconomic statistics for both developed and developing nations. Comparable data are included for as many as 52 nations when the categories are reasonably consistent. In 2008 these 52 nations (Appendix Table B-1) contained 77 percent of the world’s total population. (Excerpt)

308 citations